Leadership, Policy, And Change Beyond The Darkroom ...

Evan Nicole Bell Professor Schewel 15 December 2016 Leadership, Policy, and Change Beyond the Darkroom: Documentary Photography as a Tool for Social Change Can one series of photos make a difference? While many may doubt the power of a group of images possess to engender social change, thousands of social movements, federal policies, and personal revolutions have begun with and been supported by the click of a shutter. From the Great Depression-era of the 1920s to the modern day Black Lives Matter movement, photography has been used strategically by both the federal government and community organizers to shed light on systemic issues such as homelessness, poverty, child labor, racism, and hazardous working conditions. Lewis Hine, a photographer hired by the National Child Labor Committee, exposed the somber working conditions facing America’s youth, resulting in a wave of support for federal child labor regulations in the U.S. (Cade, 2013). Gordon Parks’ photos of black Americans from the 1940s to the 1970s made the struggle against racism relatable to TIME Magazine’s mostly white readers (Mason, 2016). Dorothea Lange’s photos of migrant workers and fa milies humanized the consequences of the Great Depression and invoked the government to provide aid against starvation (Taylor, 2014). While each of these circumstances are very different, they all share one common thread: change was achieved by following a single topic or story in-depth over time. Through bringing the stories

Found Objects Free Essays

Carrington Lucas Spring 2013 Essay 1 Found Object Essay As I stumble my way through life, I found the one thing that the thing that is very important to me my family. Nothing compares how greatly family impacts people. I can’t imagine myself having a career that doesn’t involve helping my family or others’. We will write a custom essay sample on Found Objects or any similar topic only for you Order Now I want family to be a part of my life, regardless if I am being an orthodontist for children or working in finance making sure that families are financially stable. There are many reasons why family is important to me. All of those reasons define who I am and who I will be in the future. My first reason why family is important to my life is because they have always been there for me. Many of my peers succeed at certain sports or even various classes like English or Calculus. Although, I did struggle with my other activities and curriculum classes, family has always been there. Throughout middle school and high school, I competed with my friend for captain of the soccer team. I didn’t beat him until eighth grade when my hard work finally paid off. Because of this, I now realize how dedication and persistence can help someone achieve one’s goals. If I never decided to join the soccer team and compete for first captain, I wouldn’t have had the opportunity to challenge myself and gain the skills and characteristics that would benefit me throughout the rest of my life, if it had not been for my family pushing me to excel. Another reason why family is important to my life is because of the knowledge I am exposed to. Nothing is more exhilarating to me than listening to wisdom or just encouraging words that seem to mean nothing to me at first glance then being able to apply them later in life. Lastly, my most important reason is because music has made my relationship with God closer than ever, because of everything I have gained through family, I am confident I’m going in the right direction with my life. I have finally found my passion for helping others and I never want to let go of it. Family helped me gain new friends, love, passion, drive, knowledge and a lot of other things. For that I will always be grateful. How to cite Found Objects, Papers

This Is Me free essay sample

I did not know I was different from the rest until I was called Mexican in elementary school. I am not Mexican, so I was confused as to why everyone was calling me that. I kept correcting the other children by telling them I was in fact Peruvian and Honduran, but they never understood. They repeatedly pointed out my differences. The worst was when I would be asked to draw my self-portrait, and I would use a brown crayon. All the other kids mocked me and asked me why I was brown. I did not really know and part of me was ashamed because I was not the same skin color as them. Just recently, I have received hateful comments. For example, I was told by a girl in my school that she had to warn her parents that I was Hispanic because â€Å"they were not a fan of Hispanics.† I did not like the connotation that was implied. We will write a custom essay sample on This Is Me or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I was not sure what she was trying to tell me. My parents are immigrants and cannot speak English well. Additionally, they each have strong accents. I have seen people at retail stores get mad at my parents because they could not form their sentences in time to ask a question. To make matters worse, when I would speak to my mom in Spanish; people would always stare at us. As a result, I was embarrassed and stayed away from speaking Spanish. Over time I noticed that there are many other races in the world and that it is okay to be different. These moments of bigotry have only made me more proud of my story and of my culture. For example, I am now practicing an Afro-Peruvian dance for a Peruvian flash mob for Que Pasa Fest in October. I fully embrace my culture and I am not ashamed of who I am. Therefore, I am now proud to say that I am different from the rest. When I was younger I did not want to be different from my classmates. I wanted to fit in and do everything just like them. I wanted to know the latest trends and what everyone was watching, but instead my family and I watched El Chavo del Ocho. No one even knew who El Chavo was and that made me sound uncool to the rest of my classmates. Now I can say that I am not who I am without my heritage. I am proud to be Latina and I have become a stronger woman over the years. As a result, I encourage others to embrace who they are because we are all unique in our own way. Embracing one’s uniqueness is not just about Hispanics but about everyone who feels as if they do not fit in with the mainstream society. I like who I am and I love the culture I was born into. I will never let anyone change who I am, a proud Hispanic.

philosophy of corrections Essay Example

philosophy of corrections Essay Corrections are simply to correct the life of the defendant. Such as they chose a bad choice in the life, if the court decides theyre guilty of it they place them in a correction facility Jail/Prison thinking it will help change their life around to a more moderate, average person not being a danger to anyone or anything. Crime and penalty had gone side-by-side beforehand America was even born and the dominions were even established. One thing recognized is that even though regulations were not well instituted or documented in pen there were laws, regulations, public regulation and punishments gave down by the residents of the rea for committing deeds that went opposing the beliefs of the colonist. Punishments should vary reliant on state, state, metropolis, or dominion reliant on the communitys beliefs, faith, and state of basis generally of European descent. Punishments might scope from whippings to be locale to demise by hanging. Supplementary areas favored the stocks patio above bloodshed and leaned extra in the direction of area humiliation in were the individual who committed the offense was tarred and feathered. From here the convicted should be made to be the giggling stock of the area to discern the individual who disregarded the towns eliefs. Even though lashing and hanging sounded harsh, they were meant to control the individual and deed as a restraint to others who endangered to pursue in the convicted footsteps. We will write a custom essay sample on philosophy of corrections specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on philosophy of corrections specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on philosophy of corrections specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Supplementary punishments might contain banishments from the town or span, the guillotine for committing slaughter or treason, bastinado beating the souls of the feet normally those of Asian descent, birching is beating an individual in the back alongside birch twigs. In nearly all dominions branding of the person or the people face, destroying the wheel whereas the person arms and legs hould be tied on the wheel and the executioner should break his or her legs and arms, cangue, crank and countless extra punishments should pursue and be utilized to control those who disregarded the town or areas beliefs or public law. The target of sentencing has modified melodramatically above the years. Convict sentencing across the 1700s was harsher, and encompassed the use of corporal penalty, meaning each penalty that involves infliction of pain on the human body (Foster, 2006). In the American dominions, the demise penalty came to be obtainable, but was scarcely grasped out. It was utilized for an expansive collection of offenses from slaughter to select pocketing. There were a collection of demise penalties and these were hanging, blazed at the stake, drawn and quartered, demise alongside dissection and hanging in chains. The target of the demise penalty is a combination of retribution and deterrence as there is an eye for an eye agent, and additionally, the fact that it was completed in area locations was to deter others from committing crimes. A little of the most weighty offenders were hung adjacent the locale of their offense as a class to residents of that area. The target of this sentencing was to raise the horror and dishonor of the death penalty and so deter others from committing offenses that would lead to such a punishment. The use of the demise penalty in the 1700s counseled the main aims of sentencing in the 1700s was retribution and methods in that the demise penalty was grasped out additionally evoke that there are a little restraint and denunciation aims in the sentences. Though, in present periods, these aims are additionally present but in less seeming methods in the form of punishments such as long words of imprisonment and tagging. Similarly, in the 700s fines were utilized as a penalty, displaying that there was additionally a reparative aim. The rising use of imprisonment in the 1700s might additionally perhaps display a rehabilitative target of sentencing. In todays area, there are disparate sights on the kind of penalty given for example; a shoplifter will not be disciplined by being lashed alongside chains; though the aims of sentencing seeming in the punishments given in the 1700s are yet concerning today. The finished aims of sentencing have not truly modified, but instead the punishments imitating these aims have. As one can discern the prisoner as well as he ability adjustments to change alongside society, as the change occur the prisoners inside change and vanquish them. This is how it has been and how it always will be. In the early history of corrections a Codified penalty for offenders was industrialized in the main periods of human history, one of the first recognized composed codes that enumerated disparate kinds of offenses and punishments was the Program of Hammurabi in 1750 B. C. The Code of Hammurabi was tearing into servings to cover disparate kinds of offenses and encompassed descriptions of the punishments to be imposed to offenders. The Harsh Program was industrialized in classical Greece in the seventh century B. C. E. This program delineated lawful procedures and punishments for offenders, such as stoning to demise or public mistreatment as dying. Across the Roman Empire, Ruler Justinian in 534 C. E. amassed a program, which should contain the basis for all present European law. In Rome, offenders were normally tortured, assisted as slaves or in the regal galleys. In most of Europe, forms of lawful sanctions that are acquainted nowadays did not appear till the commencing of the Middle Ages, in the 1200s. Before that time, European believed replies to offense as a confidential matter, alongside vengeance a obligation to be grasped out by the person wronged or by a relations member. Wrongs were avenged in accordance alongside the Lex Talionis, or law of retaliation. In the middle periods, the European worldly regulation was coordinated according to the outdated system. Death, torture and corporal penalty were spread practices at this time. Across the middle periods, the Church, as the dominant communal association maintained its own arrangement of ecclesiastical punishments that made a great encounter on area as a whole. Exceptionally across the Inquisition of the 1300s and 1400s, the church zealously disciplined those that disregarded its laws. At this period, it provided refuge from worldly prosecution to people who might claim benefit of clergy. In period, benefit of clergy was spread to all literate people. Five punishments were public in Europe beforehand the 1770s: Galley slavery, imprisonment, transportation, corporal penalty and death. Galley slavery was utilized as the periods of classical Greece and the Roman Empire and was not properly abolished in Europe till the mid-1770s (Ives, 1970). Prior to the 1800s, imprisonment was utilized for the short-term custody of offenders awaiting examination or those industrialized the early house of corrections in Europe in 1553. Houses of corrections were a blend amid workhouse and poorhouse in whereas inmates were harshly disciplined and compelled to work (Clear et al. , 2006; Allen Simonsen, 2001). Transportation was additionally a public exercise in European states as they hold dominions all above the world. For instance, Australia was industrialized as a British penal dominion as well as Tasmania and supplementary locations. The American dominions were one more point of destination for British convicts (Spierenburg, 1995). Later the American Revolution, England had to halt transporting prisoners to America. As British prisons came to be overcrowded, a colossal number of convicts were assigned to deserted ships†hulks†placed on the stream Thames (Allen Simonsen, 2001). As area penalty was believed a good restraint for offenders, corporal penalty and demise were extremely spread in European countries. As such, torture, mutilation and demise were extremely prominent in Great Britain from the ixteenth to the eighteenth century. With the Enlightenment, a change in penal believed transpired in Europe. In 1764, Cesare Beccaria wrote An Essay on Offenses and Punishments, in that he supported for a profound reformation of penology believed, administration of fairness and punishment. Beccaria (1764) clashed that punishments ought to fit the offense and ought to be precise, quick and severe. In supplement, Beccaria (1764) trusted that regulations should be composed and legal prudence ought to be limited. Jeremy Bentham was one of the managing reformers for British convict law. Bentham supported for a arrangement of graduated punishments to make a system were penalty and offense were equal. Instituted on his believed that humans are hedonistic, the aim of humans is to maximize pleasure as minimizing pain; Bentham trusted that punishments were the best restraint for crime. Bentham was not in favor of the demise penalty but did like the believed of incarceration and area humiliation. John Howard is recognized as one of the main proponents of prison improvements on the past of penology. Howard voyaged extensively all above Europe to examine Jails and prisons. In 1777, he described his indings and his counseled improvements in his State of Prisons. Howard (1777) supported for safeguard and sanitary abilities, inspection and a reformatory regime. As America was a British dominion, settlers lived below the British laws. At this period, punishments were cruel and relied deeply on corporal punishment and demise as incarceration was not an spread exercise. In 1682, Pennsylvania adopted The Outstanding LaW promulgated by English Quaker William Penn. The Outstanding Regulation was quite humane and emphasized on hard labor as extra competent penalty than death. As such, merely premeditated slaughter was ndictable by demise The Outstanding Regulation was in power till it was substituted by the Anglican Program in 1718; an extremely punitive code. The Anglican Program tabulated disparate corporal punishments (e. . mutilation and branding) and thirteen capital offenses Later the American Revolution, the thoughts of the Enlightment obtained momentum. With the thoughts of Beccaria and Bentham and the Statement of Independence, a new penal arrangement was industrialized As such, reformers clashed that Americans had to move away from barbarism and punitive measures of penalty and embrace a extra rational and hum anistic way to ome to be very prominent in Philadelphia as hey industrialized the Area for the Alleviating the Miseries of Area Prisoners in 1787 below the association of Benjamin Rush. The Philadelphia Walnut Road Jail was crafted to imitate the Quaker believed of penitentiary -a locale whereas prisoners might imitate on their offenses and become penitent and therefore experience reformation. Inmates were categorized by their offenses; Weighty offenders were allocated in solitary imprisonment without labor, as supplementary offenders worked across the date Jointly in silence and were confined separately at night. Later the Walnut Road Jail came to be extremely overcrowded, two new prisons were crafted in Pittsburg and Philadelphia, that marked the progress of a penitentiary arrangement established in confinement. In distinct imprisonment, prisoners were grasped in isolation alongside all hobbies grasped in their cells. The Pennsylvania arrangement of distinct imprisonment came into attack due to harsh punishments and prisoners paining mental breakdowns due to isolation. The New York Penitentiary at Auburn was established on the congregate system. Below this arrangement, inmates worked in workshops across the date and hey were retained a portion across the evening time. Elam Lynds, the warden at Auburn, instituted a law of control that included the lockstep and wearing stripped uniforms. Lynds additionally utilized the contract labor arrangement, in that inmates worked for free for confidential employers who endowed raw materials utilized to make products in the penitentiary. By the mid-1800s reformers had come to be disenchanted alongside the penitentiary model. Neither the Pennsylvania arrangement nor the Auburn system attained the anticipated aim of rehabilitation and deterrence. Thus, penitentiaries came to be quickly overcrowded, understaffed, nd brutality was much extended. In 1865, The New York Prison Association provided Enoch Wines and Theodore Dwight the task of surveying prisons nationwide. Wines and Dwight discovered that reformation was not the main aim of countless prisons and that corporal penalty was an spread exercise In 1870, Wines and supplementary penal specialists led an encounter in Cincinnati. From this encounter, a statement of principles was developed. Amid these principles were the demand to use a association of prisoners, indeterminate sentencing and reformation. The ultimate aim of these reformers was the reformation of inmates. The Early reformatory was crafted in Elmira, New York. Zebulon Brockway was appointed superintendent. Brockway was a large advocate of diagnosis and treatment. He emphasized education and training to delight inmates, who were interviewed to comprehend the reasons of their deviance In supplement, Brockway utilized a mark arrangement of association, indeterminate sentencing and parole. Brockway receded in 1900 (Rothman, 1995). The thoughts of Wines, Brockway and supplementary penal reformers considerably contributed to the progress of present American corrections by introducing thoughts uch as inmate association, rehabilitative plans, sentencing, parole and educational plans The early two decades of the twentieth century embodied a drastic change on the communal landscape of America. Industrialization, urbanization and technological and logical advancement revolutionized the American society. At this period, the progressives†upper-class philanthropists†believed that they might resolve most communal setbacks derived from quick urbanization in big rehabilitated across individualized treatment The progressives were deeply affected by the positivist school of criminology Positivists trusted that convict deeds is not a roduct of free will; it is product of biological characteristics, psychological and a little sociological conditions. As such, convicts can be treated (See Lombroso, 1876). The progressives wanted to (1) enhance the conditions of living of little spans whereas criminality was prominent, and (2) reinstate offenders. The progressives pursued governmental deed to enhance the living conditions of the poor as a method to battle crime. Their strategies encompassed larger area health, area housing and education. By the 1920s, the progressives were prosperous on requesting probation, indeterminate sentencing, parole and Juvenile courts. Even though these strategies were counseled at the 1870 Cincinnati encounter, the progressives were instrumental on requesting them across the United States. The medical model of corrections was based on the belief that criminal behavior is caused by social, psychological, or biological deficiencies that require treatment. Based on the progressive movement, the medical model was implemented in the 1930s. One of the main proponents of the medical model was Howard Hill who designed the Norfolk State Prison in Massachusetts in 1927. Gill staffed his prison with educators, psychologists and ocial workers to provide individualized treatment to inmates. In 1929, Congress authorized the new Federal Bureau of Prisons under the leadership of Stanford Bates, to develop institutions with treatment as the main goal. Bates was a strong advocate of the medical model. The 1950s is known as the era of treatment in American Corrections. Punishment was perceived as an obsolete way to deal with offenders and treatment took a central role in penology. To this extent, prison became mental health institutions were inmates were continuously tested for their readiness to reenter society. After World War II, psychiatry was used as a tool to rehabilitate offenders. As such, group counseling, behavior modification techniques, psychotherapy and individual counseling were common ways to treat inmates. Marylands Patuxent Institution was one of the best examples of a prison built according to the principles of the medical model. During the 1960s and 1970s, the American society experienced many changes due in part to the civil rights movement, the war on poverty and the Warren Court. Contrary to the medical model, the community corrections model advocated for the reintegration of the offender into society. Proponents of the community model proposed that psychological treatment should be substituted for vocational and educational programs that helped inmates to become successful citizens. Due to rising crime rates, in the mid-1970s, critics of the rehabilitation model attacked indeterminate sentencing and parole urging release not to be linked to treatment. Proponents of increased crime control called for longer sentences particularly for habitual and violent offenders. Robert Martinson surveyed 231 treatment plans in the United States and, in 1974, he published a report shouted What works? Inquiries and Answers on Prison Reform. In his report, Martinson finished that, except for insufficient plans, rehabilitation did not have each affirmative result on recidivism. The Martinson report was utilized by officials to apply a get tough philosophy on penology. As such, in the 1980s and 1990s, the new crime ideal supported for the use of incarceration and severe supervisions well as (and yet are) at that time. References Foster, B. (2006). Corrections: The Fundamentals. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Whyte, A. , Baker, J. (2000, May 8). Prison Labor on the Rise in U. S.. Retrieved from http://www. wsws. org Visher, C. A. 1987. Incapacitation and Crime Control: Does a Lock Em Up Strategy Reduce Crime? Justice Quarterly 4:413-543. Foster, B. (2006). Corrections:The Fundamentals. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Lambert, T, A brief history of punishment. , NJ: Stukin, Stacie. Violated Vibe Monthly January 2004: 100-104. Kosof, Anna. Prison Life: The Crisis Today. New York: Franklin Watts, A Division of Grolier Publishing, 1995. Prison, Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2003. Available. http:// encarta. msn. com. copyrighted 1997-2003. http://www. drtomoconnor. com/ 1050/10501ect01 . htm Adler, F. , Mueller, G. O. , Laufer. W. S. (2006). Criminal Justice An introduction 4th Ed Ezorsky, G. (1977). Philosophical Perspectives on Punishment Mays, G. L. Winfree, L. (2009). Essentials of corrections. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Schmalleger, F. Smykla, 1. 0. (2011). Corrections in the 21st century. New York, N. Y. McGraw Hill Seigel, L. J. Bartollas, C. (2011). Corrections Today. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth David K. Haasenritter, Military Correctional System: An Overview, Corrections Today, 65, No. 7 (December 2003), 58-61. J. W. Roberts, Federal Bureau of Prisons: Its Mission, Its History, and Its Partnership with Probation and Pretrial Services, Federal Probation, 1, No. (March 1997), 53-57. Paul W. Keve, Prisons and the American Conscience: A History of U. S. Federal Corrections (Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press, 1991). The American Prison: From the Beginning A Pictorial History, (College Park, MD: The American Correctional Association, 1983). Normal Morris and David J. Rothman, Editors, The Oxford History of the Prison: The Practice of Punishment in Western Society (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1995). Richard P. Setter, Correctional Administration: Integrating Theory and Practice (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2002). Federal Bureau of Prisons, Legal Resource Guide to the Federal Bureau of Prisons 2003 (Washington, DC: US Dept. Justice, 2003). Joseph Summerill, Reforming Prison Contracting: An Examination of Federal Private Prison Contracts, Corrections Today, 64, No. 7 (December 2002), 100-103. David K. (December 2003), 58-61. Gregory J. Stroebel and John l. Hawthorne Ill, Marine Corps Corrections Similar But Not Identical to Civilian Corrections, Corrections Today, 65, No. 7 (December 2003), 62-64. Michele D. Buisch, High-Level Security Inmates, Corrections Compendium, 28, No. 9 (September 2003), 9-28.

Biography of Gabriel García Márquez

Biography of Gabriel Garcà ­a Mrquez Gabriel Garcà ­a Mrquez (1927–2014) was a Colombian writer, associated with the Magical Realism genre of narrative fiction and credited with reinvigorating Latin American writing. He won the Nobel prize for literature in 1982, for a body of work that included novels such as 100 Years of Solitude and Love in the Time of Cholera.  Ã‚   Fast Facts: Gabriel Garcà ­a Mrquez Full Name: Gabriel Josà © de la Concordia Garcà ­a MrquezAlso Known As: GaboBorn: March 6, 1927, in Aracataca, ColombiaDied: April 17, 2014, in Mexico City, MexicoSpouse: Mercedes Barcha Pardo, m. 1958Children: Rodrigo, b. 1959 and Gonzalo, b. 1962  Best-known Works: 100 Years of Solitude, Chronicle of a Death Foretold, Love in the Time of CholeraKey Accomplishments:  Nobel Prize for Literature, 1982, leading writer of magical realismQuote: Reality is also the myths of the common people. I realized that reality isnt just the police that kill people, but also everything that forms part of the life of the common people. Magical realism is a type of narrative fiction which blends a realistic picture of ordinary life with fantastic elements. Ghosts walk among us, say its practitioners: Garcà ­a Mrquez wrote of these elements with a wry sense of humor, and an honest and unmistakable prose style.  Ã‚   Early Years   Gabriel Josà © de la Concordia Garcà ­a Mrquez (known as Gabo) was born on March 6, 1927, in the town of Aracataca, Colombia near the Caribbean coast. He was the eldest of 12 children; his father was a postal clerk, telegraph operator and itinerant pharmacist, and when Garcà ­a Mrquez was 8, his parents moved away so his father could find a job. Garcà ­a Mrquez was left to be raised in a large ramshackle house by his maternal grandparents. His grandfather Nicolas Mrquez Mejia was a liberal activist and a colonel during Columbias Thousand Days War; his grandmother believed in magic and filled her grandsons head with superstitions and folk tales, dancing ghosts and spirits.   In an interview published in The Atlantic in 1973, Garcà ­a Mrquez said he had always been a writer. Certainly, all of the elements of his youth were interwoven into Garcà ­a Mrquezs fiction, a blend of history and mystery and politics that Mexican poet Pablo Neruda compared to Cervantess Don Quixote. Writing Career Garcà ­a Mrquez was educated at a Jesuit college and in 1946, began studying for the law at the National University of Bogota. When the editor of the liberal magazine El Espectador wrote an opinion piece stating that Colombia had no talented young writers, Garcà ­a Mrquez sent him a selection of short stories, which the editor published as Eyes of a Blue Dog.   A brief burst of success was interrupted by the assassination of Colombias president Jorge Eliecer Gaitan. In the following chaos, Garcà ­a Mrquez left to become a journalist and investigative reporter in the Caribbean region, a role he would never give up. Exile from Colombia In 1954, Garcà ­a Mrquez broke a news story about a sailor who survived the shipwreck of a Columbian Navy destroyer. Although the wreck had been attributed to a storm, the sailor reported that badly stowed illegal contraband from the US came loose and knocked eight of the crew overboard. The resulting scandal led to Garcà ­a Mrquezs exile to Europe, where he continued writing short stories and news and magazine reports. In 1955, his first novel, Leafstorm (La Hojarasca) was published: it had been written seven years earlier but he could not find a publisher until then.   Marriage and Family Garcà ­a Mrquez married Mercedes Barcha Pardo in 1958, and they had two children: Rodrigo, born 1959, now a television and film director in the U.S., and Gonzalo, born in Mexico City in 1962, now a graphic designer.   One Hundred Years of Solitude (1967)   Garcà ­a Mrquez got the idea for his most famous work while he was driving from Mexico City to Acapulco. To get it written, he holed up for 18 months, while his family went into debt $12,000, but at the end, he had 1,300 pages of manuscript. The first Spanish edition sold out in a week, and over the next 30 years, it sold more than 25 million copies and has been translated into more than 30 languages.   The plot is set in Macondo, a town based on his own hometown of Aracataca, and its saga follows five generations of descendants of Josà © Arcadio Buendà ­a and his wife Ursula, and the city they founded. Josà © Arcadio Buendà ­a is based on Garcà ­a Mrquezs own grandfather. Events in the story include a plague of insomnia, ghosts that grow old, a priest who levitates when he drinks hot chocolate, a woman who ascends into heaven while doing the laundry, and a rain which lasts four years, 11 weeks and two days.   In a 1970 review of the English language version, Robert Keily of The New York Times said it was a novel so filled with humor, rich detail and startling distortion that is brings to mind the best of [William] Faulkner and Gà ¼nter Grass.   Political Activism   Garcà ­a Mrquez was an exile from Colombia for most of his adult life, mostly self-imposed, as a result of his anger and frustration over the violence that was taking over his country. He was a lifelong socialist, and a friend of Fidel Castros: he wrote for La Prensa in Havana, and always maintained personal ties with the communist party in Colombia, even though he never joined as a member. A Venezuelan newspaper sent him behind the Iron Curtain to the Balkan States, and he discovered that far from an ideal Communist life, the Eastern European people lived in terror.   He was repeatedly denied tourist visas to the United States because of his leftist leanings but was criticized by activists at home for not totally committing to communism. His first visit to the U.S. was the result of an invitation by President Bill Clinton to Marthas Vineyard. Later Novels   In 1975, the dictator Augustin Pinochet came to power in Chile, and Garcà ­a Mrquez swore he would never write another novel until Pinochet was gone. Pinochet was to remain in power a grueling 17 years, and by 1981, Garcà ­a Mrquez realized that he was allowing Pinochet to censor him.   Chronicle of a Death Foretold was published in 1981, the retelling of a horrific murder of one of his childhood friends. The protagonist, a merry and peaceful, and openhearted son of a wealthy merchant, is hacked to death; the whole town knows in advance and cant (or wont) prevent it, even though the town doesnt really think hes guilty of the crime hes been accused of: a plague of inability to act. In 1986, Love in the Time of Cholera was published, a romantic narrative of two star-crossed lovers who meet but dont connect again for over 50 years. Cholera in the title refers to both the disease and anger taken to the extreme of warfare. Thomas Pynchon, reviewing the book in the New York Times, extolled the swing and translucency of writing, its slang and its classicism, the lyrical stretches and those end-of-sentence zingers.   Death and Legacy   In 1999, Gabriel Garcà ­a Mrquez was diagnosed with lymphoma, but continued to write until 2004, when reviews of Memories of My Melancholy Whores were mixed- it was banned in Iran. After that, he slowly sank into dementia, dying in Mexico City on April 17, 2014.   In addition to his unforgettable prose works, Garcà ­a Mrquez brought world attention to the Latin American literary scene, set up an International Film School near Havana, and a school of journalism on the Caribbean coast.   Notable Publications   1947: Eyes of a Blue Dog  1955: Leafstorm, a family are  mourners at the burial of a doctor whose secret past make the entire town want to humiliate the corpse1958: No One Writes to the Colonel, a retired army officer begins an apparently futile attempt to get his military pension1962: In Evil Hour, set during the La Violencia, a violent period in Colombia during the late 1940s and early 1950s1967: One Hundred Years of Solitude  1970: The Story of a Shipwrecked Sailor,a compilation of shipwreck scandal articles1975: Autumn of the Patriarch, a dictator rules for two centuries, an indictment of all the dictators plaguing Latin America  Ã‚  1981: Chronicle of a Death Foretold  Ã‚  1986: Love in the Time of Cholera  1989: The General in the Labyrinth, account of the last years of the revolutionary hero Simon Bolivar1994: Love and Other Demons, an entire coastal town slips into communal madness1996: News of a Kidnapping, nonfiction report on the Colombian Medellin drug cartel2 004: Memories of My Melancholy Whores, story of a 90-year-old journalists affair with a 14-year-old prostitute Sources Del Barco, Mandalit. Writer Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Who Gave Voice to Latin America, Dies. National Public Radio April 17, 2014. Print.Fetters, Ashley. The Origins of Gabriel Garcia Marquezs Magic Realism. The Atlantic April 17 2014. Print.Kandell, Jonathan. Gabriel Garcà ­a Mrquez, Conjurer of Literary Magic, Dies at 87. The New York Times April 17, 2014. Print.Kennedy, William. The Yellow Trolley Car in Barcelona, and Other Visions. The Atlantic January 1973. Print.Kiely, Robert. Memory and Prophecy, Illusion and Reality Are Mixed and Made to Look the Same. The New York March 8, 1970. Print.TimesPynchon, Thomas. The Hearts Eternal Vow. The New York Times 1988: April 10. Print.Vargas Llosa, Mario. Garcà ­a Mrquez: Historia De Un Deicidio. Barcelona-Caracas: Monte Avila Editores, 1971. Print.

Career Development Plan Part Iv - Compensation

Now that we have structured our new team, identified their roles, identified ways to manage their performance and created an appraisal system we are now proposing a new compensation plan. This part will outline the plan, describe how it will help motivate employee performance, describe our total rewards program and outline how this program will benefit the individual and InterClean. Account Executive Financial Compensation Plan Compensation structures can be broken down into two distinct categories, financial and non-financial (Cascio, 2006). This section overviews the financial compensation plan for account executives, which includes pay and benefits. Account executive pay will be primarily commission based. Each account executive will receive a base salary at minimum wage, with the rest of their salary coming from commission. We feel that a generous commission structure will motivate performance because pay will have a direct correlation with sales volume. We structured our proposed commission plan to reflect InterClean new strategic direction (University of Phoenix, 2007), and how employees are rated in their quarterly appraisal. This means a focus on retention, up-selling and volume. Account executives will receive 8% commission on sales for the first six-months of revenue. 10% commission on sales after six-months of continuous revenue. 13% commission on sales after one-year of continuous revenue. 13% commission on up-sells and account executives that meet their quarterly sales volume will also receive a bonus equaling 3% of total revenue earned. New Business Account Executive, The New Business Account Executive has different goals, and therefore a different pay scale will apply. He or she will receive a base salary of $30,000 per year, plus a 3% quarterly commission on revenues earned from the accounts he or she acquired. We feel that this structure will adequately reflect the difference between new account acquisition and account retention. Cumulatively, the maximum amount of commission paid on revenues to account executives would be 19%. In related to the benefits Account Executives will receive the standard benefits due to all InterClean employees, including; †¢ Health Insurance with employee share of cost †¢ 401k match 14 days paid vacation †¢ 6 days sick time †¢ Health, Financial, Stress and Motivational Counseling through our employee wellness program. Managerial Financial Compensation Plan The managerial financial compensation plan will focus on overall team performance. We feel that creating a plan that rewards managers for team performance helps ensure management’s focus on creating a strong team that meets financial objec tives. Managers will receive a base salary dependent on their pay grade, ranging from $50,000 annual for the solution expert and $65,000 annually for the sales manager. The rest of their salary will be based on team performance as 3% commission on total revenues per quarter of all account executives that have met his or her goal, and 2% on total revenues per quarter if all account executives meet their goals. We feel that paying based on meeting objectives, and sharing in total revenues accomplishes two important things such as rewards managers who ensure account executives meet their goals by providing the tools and support they need. And it encourages over-achieving by not setting a limit on revenue sharing. In terms of the benefits, managerial employees share in the aforementioned benefits, and are given one additional week of paid vacation (five days) per year. As mentioned, compensation does not only include financial compensation; there are certain non-financial rewards that motivate employee performance, increase loyalty and decrease turnover. The following non-financial rewards were chosen based on a survey conducted in the United Kingdom (Employee Benefits, 2006) as additional â€Å"perks† for employees. Sales Employees, All sales employees are eligible the following reward package flexible working arrangements. Employees can work at home when appropriate on dates arranged between them and their manager. Flexible work time is the top-rated non-financial reward in the UK survey (Employee Benefits, 2006) and offering such an arrangement can increase productivity by diminishing stress caused by work-life conflicts. And corporate gym membership also ranked high on the survey, and using our corporate pull to offer a free membership not only encourages wellness, but exercise has countless benefits such as stress relief, increased creativity, and energy. Also, we will include employee discount at restaurants. Using the promise of higher volume by internally promoting local restaurants to our employees, HR has arranged for employee discounts at local restaurants. This benefit decreases the costs of lunch for our employees and gives them another reason to value InterClean. Managerial Rewards, The following rewards are available to managers in addition to the preceding rewards available to all employees such as use of company vehicle: Surprisingly, the UK survey listed â€Å"sports car as company vehicle† as the number one â€Å"benefit they don’t receive but wish they had† (Employee Benefits, 2006, para4. . Company gas card, not only should our sales manager ride in prestige, but we understand that the majority of driving they do benefits our company, so they also have use of our company gas card. The compensation and rewards system outlined in this plan are geared to motivate performance by tying pay directly to the revenue gained for InterClean. Our new strategy of fo cusing on solution-based selling (University of Phoenix, 2007) means we must grow retention, up selling, and total volume. This plan rewards all three by reducing the base pay of account executives, increasing commission and tiering commission based on retention and up selling. We reward achievers and not low-performers. Tying managerial pay directly to the performance of the team rewards good managers (Vigoda-Gadot Angert, 2007. ) Finally, offering a substantial but not overly high base pay takes into account fluctuating economic and environmental constraints. Offering bonuses quarterly rather than annual avoids penalizing employees for one bad quarter, which can happen to even the best sales person. Finally, our reward system is built to make InterClean a great place to work, that values the employees well-being and offers perks as part of the job. Offering this reward system can help InterClean retain the best possible account executives and managers (Cascio, 2006). Because we offer competitive pay and creative rewards that ease the work-life conundrum, and add a certain level of prestige to those who work for InterClean.

Sustainability Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Sustainability - Dissertation Example As the Comhar Sustainable Development Council (2011) in Ireland wrote about the history of the transitional cities movement: â€Å"The movement originates from a student project overseen by permaculture teacher Rob Hopkins at the Kinsale Further Education College in Ireland. The project involved writing an Energy Descent Action Plan, which looked at creative adaptations in the realms of energy production, health, education, economy and agriculture as a road map to a sustainable future for the town. The term Transition Town was coined by Louise Rooney and Catherine Dunne, two of Rob Hopkins students, who set about developing the Transition Towns concept presented it to Kinsale Town Council, resulting in the historic decision by Councillors to adopt the plan and work towards energy independence. Following its start in Kinsale, it then spread to Totnes, England where Rob Hopkins and Naresh Giangrande developed the concept. The movement currently has thousands of member communities worl dwide.† (Comhar SDC, 2011) The expansion of transitional towns programs around the world can have a major impact on the economy and particularly industry, real estate, and technology. The transitional towns movement creates new jobs in ‘green’ industries such as solar, hydrogen power, fuel cell technologies, hydropower, wind, geothermal, and tidal technologies for energy generation alternatives over oil based products. The focus on sustainability for communities in environmental harmony and balanced development in Permaculture and the transitional towns movement places a focus on the transformation of the home environment to incorporate new technologies that reduce the dependency of the local economy on fossil fuels and petroleum products. The additional focuses are in transportation, industry, and agriculture, implementing the best of environmental science and alternative energy research into already established businesses and organizations. From this process, th e movement takes its name of transitional towns which connotes the technological and ideological changes behind the organization. â€Å"As of October 2010 there are 321 ‘transition initiatives’ in Europe, mainly in England, as well as 8 in North America and 3 in Australia.† (Baez, 2010) While the small nature of the movement may make it seem isolated and lacking broader support or acknowledgement in the society at large, the rapidly expanding emergence of the transitional towns networks and interrelationship with other environmental organizations points to the impact that this movement can have on the local and international economy. The transitional towns movement can support the development of ‘green’ technologies such as hydropower, wind, solar, fuel cells, hydrogen, geothermal, and tidal energy sources in order to move communities away from economic and cultural development patterns that are environmentally destructive. For real estate developers and home owners, this means the integration of new sustainable energy technologies into the home environment, and from this comes many opportunity for new business and products. For example,

The Struggle for Civil Liberties and Social Justice Essay

The Struggle for Civil Liberties and Social Justice - Essay Example The name of Martin Luther King is synonymous with the Black civil rights movement. The quintessential element of King's quest for civil rights was its allegiance to non-violence and its respect for human rights (D'Angelo 2000). That is why, even today, Martin Luther King is considered a human rights icon. Through his zealous and immaculately polished oratorical skills, King tried his best to sensitize the American masses to the universal quest for human respect and dignity. What King intended to do was to hit hard against racial discrimination and social injustice. However, this essentially peaceful and non-violent champion of civil rights was brutally assassinated in 1968. Malcolm X's commitment to black pride and social justice had its origins in the racial harassment that he and his family had to bear with in his growing up years. Being a smart and brilliant student, he soon realized that though violence was certainly not the right strategy to combat racial injustice, yet it was important to be ardently vociferous in one's struggle for social justice (D'Angelo 2000). Hence, he became an active member and spokesperson of the Nation of Islam. However, this non-violent but fiery crusader for social justice had to meet a tragic death because of his moral opposition to the Nation of Islam leader Elijah Mohammad.One another prominent name in the universal struggle for civil rights and social justice is Chico Mendes. Chico was a regular Brazilian rubber tapper who also happened to be an avid environmental activist and a guardian of the rights of native rubber tappers. Chico's struggle for saving environment eventually metamorphosed into a fight to save the Brazilian rainforests and in turn to save the future of humanity. Tragically, this peaceful adherent of social justice was violently silenced by his more radical opponents. Rosa Parks also known as the mother of Modern Civil Rights Movement was an African American civil rights activist (D'Angelo 2000). Parks' gestures of blatant defiance to the festering symbols of racial injustice bestowed on her an iconic status. Courtesy her jest for social justice, she received many national and international honors and accolades. The Mothers of Plaza de Mayo was a group of Argentinean mothers and concerned citizens who peacefully and non-violently protested against the disappearance of many children and youngsters during the military dictatorship that lasted roughly seven years. Several members of this group were abducted and assassinated.Hence, the one thing common to all the above-mentioned civil rights movements and activists is that they were predominantly non-violent and their peaceful struggle enabled them to win a conclusive and lasting victory over their more violent adversaries.References D'Angelo, Raymond. The American Civil Rights Mov

Sears Case Study Essay Example for Free

Sears Case Study Essay Sears is our nation’s fourth largest retailer. With over 4,000 stores in the United States and Canada, Sears has grown from its humble beginnings. Sears is a leader in apparel, home appliances, home, lawn and garden, tools, automotive repair, maintenance, and electronics. Sears also provides home service, serving 11 million service calls yearly. Richard Sears founded Sears as a mail order company and it grew to be one of the largest retailers. He opened the first department store in Chicago in 1925. Sears found success and by 1928 three more stores had opened. Now Sears employs 249,000 employees and it has grown quickly. In 2005, Sears merged with K-Mart and has helped both evolve and the merger proved to be both successful and positive. Although they have faced challenges along the way they have been able to gain a large market share because of their product mix, quality services, products, and solutions. No matter what difficulties they have faced Sears has been a leader in the retail industry and they will strive to be sure that doesn’t change. Sears has come a long way from its beginnings as a catalog. Sears has many unique attributes that make it a place that people want to shop. Despite their great accomplishment and striving to become one the largest and most competitive retailers, Sears is facing several key issues. Sears must reevaluate their internal and external environment in order to implement the changes and solutions necessary to get Sears back to where it needs to be. Company Analysis Organization and Leadership Sears has an overall good practical structure. This has definitely been key to their success because they are able to tailor their products to their customers needs using an integrated cost leadership/differentiation strategy. Sear is competing in a very competitive industry and if they follow through with their differentiated strategy they will continue to improve. Sears was able to pursue low cost and provide differentiation to their customers. Rosa Corporate Financial Position Sears financial position is currently improving. They are dealing with not only a let down on their fourth quarter losses but the sales have decreased as well in both their department stores and Kmart unit. To deal with their losses they are in the process of selling 11 stores to make up for their finances which has made their stocks go up at 19% (MarketWatch, 2012). If they sell these properties they could earn around $270 million in proceeds. It could go either way though since when sales decrease selling assets may not be the right way to bring in growth in the future. Also if they follow their plan of moving Sears Hometown and Outlet stores they could bring in between $400 million to $500 million of proceeds during the third fiscal quarter (SHLD: Nasdaq, 2012). Sears net income has dropped continually year after year from $235. M to a mere $133. 0m. One reason being is the percentage of sales has been more focused on the SGA (Sales General Administration) costs which has made it go from 23. 69% to 24. 09% (SHLD:Nasdaq GS, 2012). Core Competency The main core competency would have to be in there customer service. They offer great service to their customers which has gave them a comp etitive advantage against competitors. They use this to differentiate themselves from competition. They have built up a good customer base. They make sure they have their best associates available for customers especially through peak hours. Although, things could be a little different in terms of bargaining power from product to product, Sears has the advantage of being a top retailer and leads the way with relative bargaining power. As the number one home appliance retailer as well as a leader in tools, lawn and garden, and home electronics, Sears has established deep roots in their line of business. Sears remains honest with their customers and provides high-quality products at bargain prices. As a result of long, developed relationships with suppliers, Sears has the ability to buy in high volumes and sell for less. With this in mind, the power of suppliers is a similar story within Sears’ industry environment. It varies from supplier to supplier due to Sears’ product variety and differentiation. In the retail industry, suppliers tend to have very little power. Sears has a high standard for quality, especially in its line of household appliances, so suppliers that don’t meet these standards are of no interest. Additionally, Sears has been working with its suppliers for a very long time, so they have gained the right amount of bargaining power to ensure low prices and good quality products and services.

Animal Farm: Character Analysis Of Napoleon :: Animal Farm Essays

Animal Farm: Character Analysis of Napoleon by George Orwell "Napoleon was a large rather fierce looking Berkshire boar," that was spoiled and always got his way. He was the only pig of the kind on the farm. Napoleon was a great rival to Snowball. Snowball was very outspoken while Napoleon was very secretive and did not talk much. Napoleon and Snowball prepare for the Rebellion in a very similar manner, and have many goals alike. Old Major's vision was important to both Napoleon and Snowball and develop his ideas into a plan. The society was to be set-up after the Rebellion. Napoleon's plan benefits himself while Snowball's are benefiting to all the animals. After the Rebellion Napoleon takes charge of the milk and the apples, at this time the plan that benefits him is put into action. Napoleon does not take part in the activities for the animals. As part of Napoleon's plan he disagrees with Snowball on most of the issues. Napoleon is a secretive plotter that works behind the scenes and someday plans to eliminate Snowball as a rival. For example he secretly trained the guard dogs in secret, keeping them completely hidden from view. Napoleon was also very good at developing support for his ideas, after meetings he would talk to the other animals one on one and "psychologically brainwash" them. He is very kiniving in his ways to get more power and is always trying to discredit and undermine the other animals. One time he urinated on Snowball's plans for the windmill. Napoleon's sense of timing is keen and this is very useful is his quest for more power. At just the right time he implies that Snowball's teachings are not beneficial to the other animals. Then the time comes when Napoleon has to carry out the rest of his plan, getting rid of Snowball. But by the time the animals realize what is going on Napoleon has taken control and is ready for any objections. Napoleon eventually gains total power and symbolizes a despotic ruler. In this book Napoleon represents "Stalin and his counterpart in the Russian Revolution. Napoleon always has to have the best produce, best quarters, whiskey, and clothing. He distracts the other animals from the fact that he is modifying the original Animal Farm visions. He ruthlessly kills anyone who protests his

5 Common Issus Encountered in Downloading Electronic

SPECIAL FORCES UNITS 1 Special Forces Units Brian M. Farrell Everest College SPECIAL FORCES UNITS 2 Special Forces are â€Å"military or police units specially trained, equipped, and organized to combat terrorism† (Coombs, 2006, pg. 251).The Canadian Special Operations Regiment (CSOR) â€Å"is a battalion-sized high-readiness special operations unit and is capable of conducting and enabling a broad range of missions, including direct action, defense diplomacy, and military assistance, and special reconnaissance† (Special Forces of Canada, N. D. ) CSOR began its recruitment in 2006, with 175 candidates. Its formal initiation took place in August of 2006 with 250 soldiers. These soldiers were trained in rappelling from â€Å"helicopters as well as static and free fall parachuting† (Special Forces of Canada, N. D. This unit has been in Afghanistan since 2006 supporting Canadian coalition forces. This group also helps with the training of its international relation s. This regiment is highly moveable, expertly trained making them a special operation force that can handle a multitude of conflicts at home and abroad. Special Air Services or SAS, is a corps of the British Army. They are part of the United Kingdom Special Forces (UKSF). The UK limits its information about its special forces so there is little â€Å"publicly verifiable information† on the SAS (D Squadron 23 SAS (R), Ministry of Defense, N.D. ). What is known is that SAS Regiment is comprised of 4 operational squadrons designated as A, B, C, and D. Each group has 60 men and a leader, these squadrons are further divided into 4 smaller groups consisting of 15 members each. Each of the 4 members of the group has a special skill in addition to the skills acquired during training. These special skills include such things as signals, demolition, medic, and linguist. The areas these groups focus on are boat troop, air troop, mobility troop and mountain troop.SPECIAL FORCES UNITS 3 Members of the UK armed forces can apply for Special Forces, but the recruitment usually targets those with air force background. Recruitments are held twice a year. Training selections takes about 5 weeks and usually start out with around 200 candidates. The training is grueling consisting of such things are personal and combat fitness tests. Next is marching cross country increasing their distance each day, ending with what is known as the hill phase which is completing 40 miles with all equipment in 20 hours.Additionally they must be able to â€Å"run 4 miles in 30 minutes, and swim 2 miles in 90 minutes (D Squadron 23 SAS (R), Ministry of Defense, N. D. ). There is also jungle training where candidates are taught various techniques including survival skills. Once this is achieved candidates go on to â€Å"battle plans and foreign weapons and take part in combat survival, escape and evasion† (D Squadron 23 SAS (R), Ministry of Defense). Probably the most intense of all th e testing is the final test resistance to interrogation which lasts for 36 hours.By the end of all testing of the 200 candidates there are about 30 who successfully finish. Most candidates drop out after the first several days. United States Naval Special Warfare Development Group (NSWDG) DEVGRU for short was formerly known as SEAL Team Six (ST6) â€Å"is one of the United States four secretive counter terrorism and Special Mission Units† (The iron will of Seal Team 6, 2011, May). Like the UK there is very little public information, because DEVGRU is highly classified. The White House and the Department of Defense offers little or no information on its activities.ST6 was formed after the American hostages at the US Embassy in Iran in 1980 were unable to be rescued. The team came into existence in October of 1980 and an intense effort was made to have it operational within 6 months. ST6 was the Navy’s first counter-terrorism unit. Prior to ST6 existing, SEAL Teams were already training to combat terrorism. â€Å"SEAL Team 6 started SPECIAL FORCES UNITS 4 with 75 shooters†.ST6 had unlimited resources and its funding surpassed the â€Å"entire US Marine Corps† (The iron Will of Seal Team 6, 2011, May). In 1987 ST6 was replaced with DEVGRU, the reason is unknown; however ST6 is still used when referring to DEVGRU. During the development of ST6 time was limited so recruits were hand-picked from their existing Navy Record and a personal interview. The main criteria in this recruiting were combat experience, language skills to communicate with the population where they are placed, the ability to â€Å"blend in as a civilian during an operation; and finally SEAL skills† (The iron will of Seal Team 6, 2011, May).The training was intense with emphasis on â€Å"shooting skills, range firing, close quarters battle (CQB) and stress shooting in a variety of conditions† (The iron will of Seal Team 6, 2011, May). Information concerni ng SEAL units is highly classified and little is known about the recruitment and selection process. Among the things that are known is that all applicants come from regular SEAL teams. It would be safe to assume that again like the UK applicants must be in top physical condition, be well respected within the Naval Warfare Community and have completed multiple deployments.Candidates must be interviewed by a review board to determine if they are suitable. Those who pass this process must attend a six to eight month training course. This course usually starts out with approximately 20 candidates per session, but by the end of the course this number is drastically diminished. During the training candidates are carefully observed to ascertain whether they are â€Å"suitable to join individual squadrons, while â€Å"unsuccessful candidates are returned to their previous assignments† with no possibility of applying again (The iron will of Seal Team 6,2011,May).SPECIAL FORCES UNITS 5 References Combs, C. (2011). Terrorism in the twenty-first century (7th ed. ). Boston, MA: Pearson Publishing D Squadron, 23 Special Air Service Regiment (R). Ministry of Defense. Retrieved from: http://www. armyjobs. mod. uk The iron will of Seal Team 6 – CBS News Video, Cbsnews. com. 6 May 2011 Retrieved from: http://www. cbsnews. com

Arabian Nights Proposal

Professor Burton Exploring Literature 29 September 2014 The Thousand-and-Third Night's Tale Proposal Main Idea Plants. Vegetation. Trees. Shrubs. Branches. Fruits. Blossoms. Sustenance. Nourishment. Floral serve as the main inspiration for what I wish to write about for this assignment. In The Arabian Nights most of the geography is set in Middle Eastern lands. I took it upon myself to research the green life that is geologically present there and became inspired by what these plants may metaphorically represent.As I studied the information of foliage, it was apparent that I was not the only person interested in utilizing these organisms for storytelling purposes. Many poets and authors have used the plants mentioned below in their works. I also wish to Join this literary group who has extracted inspiration from these terrestrial beings for what may – hopefully – be a decent tale I create. However, it is the plant below that serves as my muse: 1) The Halcyon Persecute a ) Halcyon persecute: A plant that â€Å"has a stout rugged stem and light grey bark, rowing up to 4. -5 meters in height. It lacks large foliage-type leaves; in fact, its leaves have retrogressed as succulent branches. The plant is found in sand hills, deserts and sand ridges, where it often forms pure stands, with an average density up to 400-500 trees a hectare. The white Saul is a hardy tree that can grow in nutritionally poor soil and can tolerate drought. The tree is in leaf all year, and flowers in May-June† (http://en. Wisped. Org/wick/Halcyon_persecute). ) The ententes I highlighted are what first brought my attention to this particular plant. It is not the most physically appealing shrub there is – but being an English student – I have learned to dig deeper beneath the surface of a given topic. In this case, I imagine a tale about a farming community that is facing the ever-growing problem of a growing population. This is not the only situation this mun icipal has to face but it is the most troubling. Their community leader takes it upon himself to make the journey to the Kings palace miles away.The leader instantly notices the major societal differences when he arrives at the Kings palace. The wealthy elite sneer at his agricultural occupation and rustic mannerisms. In total Arabian Nights fashion, the King and his posse learn a thing or two from an unsuspected â€Å"simpleton. † it) The picture to the left speaks of the plants' classifications. I wish to designate the scientific names as labels for the royal families, the kingdom, certain communities, etc. Maybe even for ranks in society†¦ Arabian Nights Proposal By electorate 7

Tips for writing extraordinary and absorbing essay

Tips for writing extraordinary and absorbing essay Writing an extraordinary essay Starting from school and proceeding at college we face the need of writing different essays on topics of all sorts. This academic method of control has always been very useful and acknowledged. It is hard to underestimate the use of essay writing considering nowadays realities. Modern world is directed at developing strong, creative and thoughtful people with their own opinions on different things. And essay seems to be quite effective means for learning how to express own words reasonably, with comprehensible words and phrases. Even being good at writing and enouncing ideas by words and expressions, it is hard to create something original, unique and extraordinary. In other words, it is difficult to make a think piece, which will draw people’s attention and enhance their interest. There are millions of writers and novelists, but only hundreds of them are famous and have readers and admirers. So, how to become successful in writing and start generating compositions, which will be read and appreciated by people? There are some things you can work over and improve for better outcome. Ideas What do you write? Most of people are sure that the main success factor is to find some new and original ideas. Apparently, that can be truth, since readers will be fascinated with uncommon thoughts and notions. Innovational character always attracts attention and arises interest. Anyway, you need to learn dealing with new and old ideas. The point is that you can look at some well-known notions from the other side. To make your ideas and thoughts original and not alike others, you should separate yourself from the matter and view it in a new, extraordinary manner. Writing techniques How do you write? Journalists and writers have a lot of techniques and methods and some of them are quite effective within essay writing. Reading some famous novel or essay, just pay attention to details and you will see some efficient ones, which you can also use. First-person narration Even if you have imagined or heard from the third person a stuff that you are going to narrate or describe in your essay, it is better to do it in first person. You story will be more realistic and believable for your readers. When you tell the story or state some consideration, it seemed that you have witnessed all these things and know for sure what you tell. Real-file conversations and dialogs Any reader will appreciate a dialog of the characters, which is written in realistic and believable manner. Think of the words, expression and all other details. Your task is to make a reader imagine the scene or even give him or her the feeling that he or she is present at the conversation. Reasonable monologs While writing about character’s worries, thoughts or just describing some subjects, it is important to feel and understand what you write. Thus, if you write about some love troubles or feelings, you should immense yourself into the life of your character or remember your personal experience, than your writing will be realistic. Details and coherence Developing timeline of your story, pay precise attention to details of all sorts. Character’s appearance, locations, descriptions – everything matters. Coherence and sequence of events should be observed and followed. Think, create and think one more time Your imagination and creativity determine your success. One should generate millions of thoughts in the head; saturate them with the details and spontaneous aspects. Endless fantasy and original way of thinking have brought to our world all those written, drawn, played and sang masterpieces, which are admired by millions of fans. So look into the deepest corners of your mind and establish your mental processes. Final thought According to classical narration techniques there should be a problem statement, problem solving and conclusion. Most of authors adhere to this structure, since it is well-tried method. Your essay can have unusual form and structure and differ from everything you have read before. Anyhow, we recommend using and considering your final thought. People like to draw some conclusions and most likely they will remember only some thoughts or ideas from your essay. And it is great when you manage to write something strong at the end, those words, which will impress the reader and will stay in his head for a long time. No one can succeed in writing at once. For sure there are such notions as talent and inborn abilities, but there are always a lot of things to learn and work over. One should read a lot of other books and novels, absorb wisdom and then create his or her own think pieces. Do not hesitate and dive into the world of writing and we are sure that your essay will be excellent and splendid piece of creative and innovative performance.

Preliminary Reference Procedure in Ensuring Uniformity and Consistent Essay

Preliminary Reference Procedure in Ensuring Uniformity and Consistent Development of European Union Law - Essay Example This paper stresses that the European Union preliminary ruling procedure places substantial vested interest in the national courts; it is the national courts, after-all, who are the first guarantors of Union law. One notes that the all-consuming nature of this ruling is parallel to the United States Supreme Court interpretive mechanism of law, wherein this judicial body represents the ultimate view on the subject matter. Indeed, the very name preliminary ruling procedure is slightly misleading as it seemingly indicates the origination of the interpretive process when in reality it is the endpoint of law. this essay has contained a discussion of the procedural nature of the ECJ's interaction. However, it should not be forgotten that the preliminary reference procedure is instrumental in allowing the ECJ to lay down new substantive legal principles. One need look no further for an example than the case of Van Gend. This was the first case in which the doctrine of direct effect was articulated. Today it has come to represent a seminal ruling in terms of preliminary procedure for its exploration of the limits and potential expansive nature of the process itself. At the time only Treaties were held to be directly effective, subsequently however, the principle has expanded and can now, stated generally, include virtually any form of EU legislation, so long as these are unequivocally articulated, not dependent on outside understanding, and grant a unique right to the claimant. Van Gend, as described above was a case brought to the ECJ under the preliminary reference procedure on a question of the interpretation of Article 30 TFEU. ... icle 110 TFEU occasioned the ECJs shift to primacy over national courts 5 Article 30 TFEU and the Preliminary Reference Procedure – the development of EU precedent 7 Preliminary Reference Procedure and the substantive development of the law 9 Conclusion 9 Bibliography 10 Introduction European Union preliminary reference procedure functions as the predominant interpretive mechanism in Union Law. Indeed, the preliminary reference procedure has been referred to as the ‘jewel in the Crown of the ECJ’s jurisdiction’ for this central position to the development of Union law (Barnard 2010, p109). It is a procedure that provides a vital contact point between the jurisdiction of the ECJ and the national courts, allowing legal issues relating legal issues that are correlated with the interpretation of Treaties to be mitigated throughout the European Union (Blackstone 2011). This preliminary ruling procedure is a unique element of the European Union legal structure. W hile interpretive and appellate processes are regularly aspects of most Western legal system, the European Union preliminary ruling procedure places substantial vested interest in the national courts; it is the national courts, after-all, who are the first guarantors of Union law. One notes that the all-consuming nature of this ruling is parallel to the United States Supreme Court interpretive mechanism of law, wherein this judicial body represents the ultimate view on the subject matter. Indeed, the very name preliminary ruling procedure is slightly misleading as it seemingly indicates the origination of the interpretive process when in reality it is the endpoint of law. This process emerged with the formulation of the European Union judicial system and is specifically described in the Treaty on the

Competing by Strategic Management in Hong Kong Telecommunication Dissertation

Competing by Strategic Management in Hong Kong Telecommunication - Dissertation Example To test whether or not the ten identified factos (i.e. network quality, network coverage, market price, product and service quality, ease of using, compatibility with other network software, compatibility with other network hardware, traditional mobile function, function of the internet charting tools, and Hutchison Telecom’s licence to sell Apple iPhoneTM) could help improve the competitive advantages of Hutchison Telecom, this study conducted an online survey study through SurveyMonkey. Based on the importance-performance analysis, the company should make its 3G mobile services more compatible with other network software and hardware, establish wider network coverage and improve the market price of its 3G mobile services. Aside from market expansion and continuous investment on R&D, the company should also maintain its business alliances with Apple Inc. Table of Contents Executive Summary †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.... 2 Table of Contents †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 I. ... Scope and Limitations †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 12 II. Literature Review †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 15 a. Market Structure and General Overview of Hong Kong Telecommunication Industry †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 15 b. Telecommunication Services Available in Hong Kong †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 17 b.1 Mobile Services (MS) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 18 c. Industry Analysis of Hong Kong Telecommunication Industry †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 19 c.1 Porter’s Five Forces Analysis †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 19 c.1.1 Threat of Entry †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 20 c.1.2 Threat of Substitu tion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 22 c.1.3 Bargaining Power of Suppliers †¦. 24 c.1.4 Bargaining Power of Buyers †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 26 c.1.5 Competitive Rivalry †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 29 d. History and Corporate Background of Hutchison Telecommunications International Limited (HTIL), Hutchison Telecommunications (Hong Kong) Limited (HTHK), and Hutchison Global Communication Limited (HGC) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 31 e. Business Performance of Hutchison Telecom †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 33 f. Internal and External Environment of Hutchison Telecom †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 34 f.1 SWOT Analysis †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 34 f.1.1 Strength †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 35 f.1.2 Weaknesses †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 37 f.1.3 Opportunities †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 39 f.1.4 Threat †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 39 f.2 PESTLE Analysis †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 42 f.2.1 Political Issues †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 43 f.2.2 Economic Issues †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 45 f.2.3 Social Issues †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 47 f.2.4 Technological Issues †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 48 f.2.5 Legal

Relationship of the government and the religion Essay

Relationship of the government and the religion - Essay Example Relationship of the government and the religion. In his writing in the Virginia statute for religious freedom, Jefferson made statement about the freedom of conscience and the Principe of separation between the state and the church. The Virginia religious freedom statue was rooted in Jefferson philosophy. The statute was passed by Virginia general assembly in January 1786. It is among the first amendment that sort to protect the freedom of religion. The first paragraph of the statute proclaimed freedom of thought. According to Jefferson, the nature God gives a man the freedom to choose his religious belief. Jefferson argues that since the God has given the man freedom of thought – to believe or not to believe- there should be no law that compels a man to follow any religion. Individuals are free to worship as they please with no discrimination. Jefferson wanted the assembly to enact that individuals should not be forced be to support any religious worship, or enforced, restrained in their bodies and/or goods or suffers due to their religious opinion or belief. Moreover, all individual are free to profess and by argument maintain their opinion on religious matter. Their opinion on matters of religion should not affect in any way their civil capacities. The two clauses seem to uphold the view of the Jefferson. The establishment clause prevents the state from influencing any religious opinion on its citizen. The free exercise clause, protects the citizens right to practice their religion as they please.

Human Factors in Aircraft Engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Human Factors in Aircraft Engineering - Essay Example All the 225 people (19 crew and 106 passengers) were feared dead in this accident, which further dented China Airlines’ dismal air safety record. Before we consider the detailed case study, it is necessary to dwell on the maintenance aspects of aircraft engineering especially with regard to its safety and security aspects, since this forms the bulwark of international air travel. The responsibilities of the maintenance crew is very significant since it could be mean the difference between life and death at say, 40,000 feet above the ground, if the proper maintenance is not carried out according to the strictest rigour and discipline, it would cause enormous losses of lives and properties. Another aspect to air accidents is that these are capable of causing significant damages even to people and property on the ground where the debris of the ill-fated plane are scattered. The responsibilities for incidents or accidents are most often than not assigned to the operating staff, i.e., flying crew and pilots. This may not always be true. In some cases, there may be inherent deficiencies or construction defects in the basic structure of the aircraft itself. Because of which the accident may occur before, or shortly after take-off. In which cases, the responsibility for incident or accident cannot shift to the flying crew but needs to be assigned to the ground staff, i.e. maintenance and operative personnel. Variable error model refers to condition when the type of error may be of discrete and unpredictable nature and would therefore, be difficult to judge and control. Under such circumstances, it is seen that constant error models, being of consistent and predictable nature, could be tackled more efficiently and effectively. The possibilities of controlling constant error are higher than that of variable error. Error models may further be categorized into two models. Those, which could be solved, or made operationable, and the other

Analysing the Payback Period when making an investment

Analysing the Payback Period when making an investment Payback Period is the length of time required before the total of the cash inflows received from the project is equal to the original cash outlay i.e. the length of time the investment takes to return its initial capital. In yet another definition, it is the ratio of initial fixed investment over annual net cash flows. The decision criterion is that if the payback period is less than some minimal accepted payback period that is set as a threshold, the proposal is accepted. If the period is more than the cut-off period, the project is rejected. For ranking decisions, projects with shorter payback periods get preference over those that take longer. The following is the formula for calculating the payback period; Payback period = Year before full recovery + Unrecovered cost at start of the year Of the original investment Total cash flow in year The payback criterion is a rough measure of risk. It reflects the liquidity of a project and therefore the more liquid the project the higher the chance of recovering the initial investment. A project with short payback period but with a low rate of return is preferred over projects with long payback period and high rate of return reason being that the firm may be in need of quick returns of its invested cash. This is the reason behind its preference by firms with liquidity problems. Payback period is the investment appraisal method of choice for firms that produce products that are prone to obsolescence. Since these products last for only a year or two years, their payback period must be short for the firm to have recouped its initial capital. It is therefore preferred in situations when time is of relatively high importance. The method is easy to understand and the calculation involves simplified steps. It only considers the net cash flows and cumulating them to determine when they equal the cost of the project. It automatically adjusts for the uncertainty of later cash flows by ignoring them. the main interest is only the initial capital and the time taken to that point hence cash flows generated after the payback period arent considered. In spite of the above advantages, payback period has some drawbacks. The method fails to consider the cash flows after the payback period and consequently not ideal viable for measuring the actual profitability of a project. It also does not take into account the magnitude or timing of recoveries during the payback period and considers the recovery period as a whole. This is particularly bad since most investments tend to have lower cash flows in earlier years and higher cash flows as the project matures. The payback period ignores the time value of money. This implies that it ignores financing costs of investments. Time value of money is essential in considering the productivity of a project because it considers present cash flows as equal to future ones. The method ignores the scale of investment and recommends an arbitrary cut-off point. There is no objectivity in establishing cut-off points across different firms thus bringing inconsistency. This is not to add that quick payback does not necessarily mean good investment. The method discriminates against long-term projects such as research and development and new product development. These types of projects normally require huge initial outlays and take long to give returns and yet they are so critical to any firm interested in enhancing its competitiveness in the industry. In addition, it does not have an inherent mechanism to highlight differences in investments useful life. Such differences are very essential and relying on payback can lead to incorrect decisions. Despite the disadvantages of the payback method, it is widely used in practice though often only as a supplement to more sophisticated methods. It is favored because of its simplicity and most investors take it as the conventional one. Net Present Value Net Present Value (NPV) is the difference between the value of an investment and its cost. It represents the economic worth of the project in terms of todays dollar. A zero NPV means that the project cash flows are enough to repay the invested funds and provide the required rate of return on such capital. For positive NPV projects, excess cash accrues to shareholders and therefore their position is improved. Positive NPV projects result in an increase in the market price of ordinary shares while negative NPV projects cause erosion of shareholders wealth. It is calculated as; Present value of future net cash flows (PV) Initial investment (Io). The decision a criterion is that if the sum of these discounted cash flows is equal or greater than zero the project is accepted. Otherwise, the project is not accepted. In the case of mutually exclusive projects, the project with the highest NPV if it is positive gets acceptance. That way, the shareholders wealth is boosted to a maximum. Advantages The method uses the relevant cost approach by concentrating only on incremental cash flows. It measures the shortfalls or excess of cash flows and assumes that the cash flows obtained are reinvested is at the present rate of return. This is more appropriate in conditions of capital rationing. The result represents increase to a shareholders wealth expressed in present-day terms. The method considers the time value of money. This is important because cash flows obtained today are not the same as those obtained five years from now. This is because the method considers the time value of money and the relevant cash flows uses the cost of capital of the company as a discounting factor. Additionally, it considers cash flows for the entire project life. It is thus more comprehensive and reliable in appraising long-term projects. However, the results and procedures involved in calculating NPV arent easily understood by nonprofessionals. The cost of capital is difficult to calculate especially due to the effect of inflation and the fact that some industries lack sufficient data to base their calculations. The method requires a detailed long-term forecast of a projects cash flows, which is a very subjective exercise. Twice limited should consider using NPV in their appraisal because as compared to other capital appraisals, it expresses in absolute terms the expected economic contribution of the project. Its results shows the present worth in future cash flows after discounting them with the firms cost of capital. Assessing the five projects Under the payback period, the five proposals for the new holiday are as follows. Climb project The initial investment is 1,760,000 Year Net cash flows Cumulative cash flows 2011  £1,040,000.00 1,040,000.00 2012  £ 780,000.00 1,820,000.00 2013  £ 520,000.00 2,340,000.00 Payback period = 1+ (1,760,000-1,040,000)/780,000 = 1.92 years Paddle project Initial investment is 1,640,000 Year Net cash flows Cumulative cash flows 2011  £ 770,000.00 770,000.00 2012  £ 770,000.00 1,540,000.00 2013  £ 770,000.00 2,310,000.00 Payback period = 2+ (1,640,000-1,540,000)/770,000 = 2.13 years Rappel project Initial investment is 1,130,000 Year Net cash flows Cumulative cash flows 2011  £ 740,000.00 740,000.00 2012  £ 240,000.00 980,000.00 2013  £ 590,000.00 1,570,000.00 Payback period = 2+ (1,130,000-980,000)/590,000 = 2.25 years Swim project Initial investment is 1,030,000 Year Net cash flows Cumulative cash flows 2011  £ 480,000.00 480,000.00 2012  £ 480,000.00 960,000.00 2013  £ 480,000.00 1,440,000.00 Payback period = 2+ (1,030,000-960,000)/480,000 = 2.15 years Float project Initial investment is 280,000 Year Net cash flows Cumulative cash flows 2011  £ 100,000.00 100,000.00 2012  £ 130,000.00 230,000.00 2013  £ 100,000.00 330,000.00 Payback period = 2+ (280,000-230,000)/100,000 = 2.5 years The summary of projects payback periods is as follows. Project Number of years Climb 1.92 Paddle 2.13 Rappel 2.25 Swim 2.15 Float 2.50 Based on the ranking decisions, Twice limited should accept and implement paddle holiday project. It has the shortest payback period and this means that the project will recover its initial cost within 1 year and 11 months. Under NPV, the projects net cash flows use the cost of capital as a discounting factor within the period of three years. The general calculation of NPV is Present value of future net cash flows (PV) Initial investment (Io). The following are NPV of the proposals: Climb project Year 2011 2012 2013 Net cash flows  £1,040,000.00  £ 780,000.00  £ 520,000.00 PVIF8%, 3 0.9259 0.8573 0.7938 PV 962,962.96 668,724.28 412,792.77 NPV = [962,962.96 + 668,724.28 + 412,792.77] 1,760,000 = 284,480.01 Paddle project Year 2011 2012 2013 Net cash flows  £ 770,000.00  £ 770,000.00  £ 770,000.00 PVIF8%, 3 0.9259 0.8573 0.7938 PV 712,962.96 660,150.89 611,250.82 NPV = [712,962.96 + 660,150.89 + 611,250.83] 1,640,000 = 344,364.68 Rappel project Year 2011 2012 2013 Net cash flows  £ 740,000.00  £ 240,000.00  £ 590,000.00 PVIF8%, 3 0.9259 0.8573 0.7938 PV 685,185.18 205,761.31 468,361.02 NPV = [685,185.19 + 205,761.32 + 468,361.02] 1,130,000 = 229,307.52 Swim project Year 2011 2012 2013 Net cash flows  £ 480,000.00  £ 480,000.00  £ 480,000.00 PVIF8%,3 0.9259 0.8573 0.7938 PV 444444.44 411522.63 381039.47 NPV = [444,444.44 + 411,522.63 + 381,039.47]- 1,030,000 = 207,006.55 Float project Year 2011 2012 2013 Net cash flows  £ 100,000.00  £ 130,000.00  £ 100,000.00 PVIF8%, 3 0.9259 0.8573 0.7938 PV 92592.59 111454.04 79383.22 NPV = [92,592.59 +11,454.04 + 79,383.22] = 3,429.86 Twice limited should accept Paddle holiday project because it ranks the highest NPV of  £ 344,364.68. This indicates that after proper analysis of the net cash inflow, paddle project would generate over the three the above value and shareholder wealth will be improved. According to the payback period, climb project has the shortest recovery period and if the company was only using it for capital appraisal, the Twice limited could accept. NPV is more realistic because it considers time value of money as it discounts the net cash flows. The result shows the present value of a particular project in present-day using future cash flows. NPV method is regarded as superior in terms of project appraisal and Twice limited have to accept paddle project and discard climb project as proposed by payback period.

No Christmas :: essays research papers

When Christmas Couldn’t Come   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We lived in the farmhouse until my dad lost his job in 1994. No longer able to afford a mortgage, let alone utilities in the old, drafty house we moved into a smaller house two doors down. My mom called the new house â€Å"cozy† – making the best of a situation I couldn’t begin to understand; words like â€Å"WIC†, â€Å"welfare† and â€Å"debt† meant nothing to me at the time. I missed the barn that longed to be explored, the hill where at eight, I saw my first snowfall and of course, my room. The new house wasn’t mine, it was Miranda’s, a friend who moved away, my room wasn’t mine, it was hers. My mind raced with thousands of questions, all of them pitying myself, feeling bad for Andrea, forgetting about my family, all of them until my mom told the four of us that Christmas couldn’t come that year.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The words fell out of my mom’s mouth like hail from a winter sky, pelting me in the face, stinging my entire body. What did she mean Christmas couldn’t come, that we could no longer afford any â€Å"extras†, that things were going to be â€Å"different†? Instantly my eyes swelled with things unfamiliar to a tomboy, my heart raced my shortening breath as I struggled to empathize with my parents, searching for a question, an answer, something to make it better. Before that November day I never thought about money or affording things; I grew up in a upper-middle class family where eating out was a commonality, vacations were assumed and for all I knew money could have grown on tress. I was eleven, self-absorbed in wants and wishes where the new house was a drag not more affordable and sharing a room was suffocating, not compromising. Life, for me, had never consisted in cutting corners or working to make ends meet, I simply lived getting what I wanted, not what I needed. Only after that conversation with my

Counter-Terrorism Project

Terrorists, one of the prominent words that have been recently involved to a lot of social disturbance that often associated to killings of civilians. Such organization is usually recognized as a group of people that is known to create scare to the public and threatened the government by utilizing violence. This is in pursuance of their goal that is either political or religious. Reading articles in the net, I thought that terrorism was already an evident social dilemma in both ancient and contemporary civilization (Jewett, n. d. ).Dating back to the ancient days, acts of terrors are already in existence (Jewett, n. d. ). Barbary and piracy are the most common terrorists that had threatened the lives of early civilization (Jewett, n. d. ). From a personal point of view, I consider terrorists as the most notorious criminals and law offenders in present time. With the various incidents of terror attacks whereas hundreds and thousands of lives had been claimed from series by series bomb ings, such terror activities had create negative impact in the society that caused panic and disseminates anxiety amongst the people.Citing these major events that have something to do with terrorism always make me wonder how these people could do such violent activities despite of thorough campaign against terrorism. Hence, the only thing that runs through my mind when the topic is terrorism is to think and formulate of counter-terrorism actions, which is inspired by thought of protecting the humankind and society against such detrimental activities. Upon reading just the introduction part of the terror training manual, the depiction of Al Qaeda’s commitment to their terror desire is clearly visible. It showcases that organization’s oath for what they believe in.Structured and composed in the most stimulating manner, the Islamic notion of the entire Al Qaeda Terror Group is highlighted well in aid to inculcate the attitude of a true blood terrorist for their new recru its. In addition to this, the organization's disappointment and doubtfulness against the governance of the westerners. Moreover, the introduction of Al Qaeda's terror training manual clearly stated their words of advice to their opposition (Western Government), saying that such unfaithful regimes must know the dialog of bullets, the ideals of assassination and the diplomacy of the cannon and machine-gun.In here, I can clearly say that the Al Qaeda is sending their message seriously towards the opposition and warns that such consequences must be honored than to just disregard. Hence, I could say that the first part of the training manual is the depiction of Al Qaeda's righteousness, which they claim the thought and justify the notion that they are bound in goodness to do such terroristic activities. Browsing more of the manual's pages I have discovered that Islam is not just performing rituals, however, it is a complete system with Religion and government, Koran and sword, worship an d Jihad, ethics and dealing with people.Thus, this characterizes the organization's mission in merely holistic manner, without being pessimistic or distinction between the political and spiritual. One of the major components of the manual that really attract my attention is the instructions that has something to do with falsification of significant document and comprehensive manual to handle individual mission. Certainly, Al Qaeda's terror training manual provides detailed guidelines for their aspiring members on how to forge documents, handling proper finances, and setting up urban and rural bases.This is their profound training practice for the new members in able to avoid any compromise and detection in the secrecy of their terroristic mission. Hence, I see this as an aid to upset their target nations’ sense of security, by hiding their real identity to pursue their terroristic goal. In line with this, it would be helpful if security authorities are cautious to every indiv idual's true identity to determine who are the terrorist and not.By effecting counter terrorism action that could interrupt and detect this strategy of Al Qaeda, it is safe enough to say that such detrimental plan by the organization would be prevented and well managed. In the end, the composition Al Qaeda's terror training manual utterly suggests that the government authorities mostly the western civilization to be care with the consequences might happen such as act of terrorism. Moreover, the training manuals clearly depicts the extent of capabilities of such organization.In addition to this, the manual is a written proof of the things that the Al Qaeda terrorists group could do in the society to harm the people. Personally speaking, I could say the manual was completed accordingly to achieve specific terroristic goal of the organization as every words and instructions are structured in the most stimulating manner to fire up the Islamic passion for their new members. Thus, such tr aining manual must be reviewed thoroughly to intercept any acts of terrorism.Nonetheless, the training manual of Al Qaeda terrorists group would serve as the perfect reference in the formulation of governments counter-terrorism strategy. Furthermore, my read with the training manual of Al Qaeda have took me into some recommendations for counter – terrorism strategy. A counter – terrorism strategy must focus on detection and surveillance in order to prevent any occurrence of terrorism acts that could lead to harm the people.Hence, the starting point of such strategy is to design a more efficient ways to determine and point out trumped-up passports and other significant documents that members of Al Qaeda utilizes for their international travel. Summary of the Statement The above writings are my personal reactions in the Al Qaeda's Training Manual. Those are the incorporations of all the assumptions and knowledge that I acquired upon my readings to the terror training man ual. In a sense, most of the reaction statement that I have written above is the depiction of my own findings after I have read the Al Qaeda's training manual.Starting in the introduction of the training manual, above words stated that Al Qaeda terrorists group is committed and in full service to spread their acts of terrorism in aid to their Muslim oath to Allah. Thus, the introduction appeals to the young Muslims to join them hand in hand to pursue their goal to spread the notions of Islam. In addition to this, the philosophy of the entire Al Qaeda terrorists group is also highlighted in the part of of my response statement to the training manual of the organization.Moreover, the above content tackles the capabilities of the organization to create social disturbance that aims to spread anxiety and harm people by utilizing violence. Also, this paper tells how the Muslim act and reciprocate to their opposition (West Government), and put into account the messages of the organization towards other side. In addition to this, the disappointment of the organization to the western government is as well discussed as it is one of the primary reasons as to why the Al Qaeda terrorist group are against the westerners.Nonetheless, the reactions above are representation of my own thought with regards to designing a counter – terrorism strategy to prevent any occurrence of such detrimental activities. Hence, it is determined the capabilities and significant strategies of the organization to disseminate anxiety in the society and harm the people that are against them. f References Jewett T. (n. d. ). Terrorism in Early America. Retrieved July 25, 2008, from http://www. earlyamerica. com/review/2002_winter_spring/terrorism. htmL Terrorist Training Manual. (n. d. ). Retrieved July 25, 2008, from www. fas. org/irp/world/para/aqmanual. pdf