Leadership, Policy, And Change Beyond The Darkroom ...

Evan Nicole Bell Professor Schewel 15 December 2016 Leadership, Policy, and Change Beyond the Darkroom: Documentary Photography as a Tool for Social Change Can one series of photos make a difference? While many may doubt the power of a group of images possess to engender social change, thousands of social movements, federal policies, and personal revolutions have begun with and been supported by the click of a shutter. From the Great Depression-era of the 1920s to the modern day Black Lives Matter movement, photography has been used strategically by both the federal government and community organizers to shed light on systemic issues such as homelessness, poverty, child labor, racism, and hazardous working conditions. Lewis Hine, a photographer hired by the National Child Labor Committee, exposed the somber working conditions facing America’s youth, resulting in a wave of support for federal child labor regulations in the U.S. (Cade, 2013). Gordon Parks’ photos of black Americans from the 1940s to the 1970s made the struggle against racism relatable to TIME Magazine’s mostly white readers (Mason, 2016). Dorothea Lange’s photos of migrant workers and fa milies humanized the consequences of the Great Depression and invoked the government to provide aid against starvation (Taylor, 2014). While each of these circumstances are very different, they all share one common thread: change was achieved by following a single topic or story in-depth over time. Through bringing the stories

Found Objects Free Essays

Carrington Lucas Spring 2013 Essay 1 Found Object Essay As I stumble my way through life, I found the one thing that the thing that is very important to me my family. Nothing compares how greatly family impacts people. I can’t imagine myself having a career that doesn’t involve helping my family or others’. We will write a custom essay sample on Found Objects or any similar topic only for you Order Now I want family to be a part of my life, regardless if I am being an orthodontist for children or working in finance making sure that families are financially stable. There are many reasons why family is important to me. All of those reasons define who I am and who I will be in the future. My first reason why family is important to my life is because they have always been there for me. Many of my peers succeed at certain sports or even various classes like English or Calculus. Although, I did struggle with my other activities and curriculum classes, family has always been there. Throughout middle school and high school, I competed with my friend for captain of the soccer team. I didn’t beat him until eighth grade when my hard work finally paid off. Because of this, I now realize how dedication and persistence can help someone achieve one’s goals. If I never decided to join the soccer team and compete for first captain, I wouldn’t have had the opportunity to challenge myself and gain the skills and characteristics that would benefit me throughout the rest of my life, if it had not been for my family pushing me to excel. Another reason why family is important to my life is because of the knowledge I am exposed to. Nothing is more exhilarating to me than listening to wisdom or just encouraging words that seem to mean nothing to me at first glance then being able to apply them later in life. Lastly, my most important reason is because music has made my relationship with God closer than ever, because of everything I have gained through family, I am confident I’m going in the right direction with my life. I have finally found my passion for helping others and I never want to let go of it. Family helped me gain new friends, love, passion, drive, knowledge and a lot of other things. For that I will always be grateful. How to cite Found Objects, Papers

This Is Me free essay sample

I did not know I was different from the rest until I was called Mexican in elementary school. I am not Mexican, so I was confused as to why everyone was calling me that. I kept correcting the other children by telling them I was in fact Peruvian and Honduran, but they never understood. They repeatedly pointed out my differences. The worst was when I would be asked to draw my self-portrait, and I would use a brown crayon. All the other kids mocked me and asked me why I was brown. I did not really know and part of me was ashamed because I was not the same skin color as them. Just recently, I have received hateful comments. For example, I was told by a girl in my school that she had to warn her parents that I was Hispanic because â€Å"they were not a fan of Hispanics.† I did not like the connotation that was implied. We will write a custom essay sample on This Is Me or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I was not sure what she was trying to tell me. My parents are immigrants and cannot speak English well. Additionally, they each have strong accents. I have seen people at retail stores get mad at my parents because they could not form their sentences in time to ask a question. To make matters worse, when I would speak to my mom in Spanish; people would always stare at us. As a result, I was embarrassed and stayed away from speaking Spanish. Over time I noticed that there are many other races in the world and that it is okay to be different. These moments of bigotry have only made me more proud of my story and of my culture. For example, I am now practicing an Afro-Peruvian dance for a Peruvian flash mob for Que Pasa Fest in October. I fully embrace my culture and I am not ashamed of who I am. Therefore, I am now proud to say that I am different from the rest. When I was younger I did not want to be different from my classmates. I wanted to fit in and do everything just like them. I wanted to know the latest trends and what everyone was watching, but instead my family and I watched El Chavo del Ocho. No one even knew who El Chavo was and that made me sound uncool to the rest of my classmates. Now I can say that I am not who I am without my heritage. I am proud to be Latina and I have become a stronger woman over the years. As a result, I encourage others to embrace who they are because we are all unique in our own way. Embracing one’s uniqueness is not just about Hispanics but about everyone who feels as if they do not fit in with the mainstream society. I like who I am and I love the culture I was born into. I will never let anyone change who I am, a proud Hispanic.

philosophy of corrections Essay Example

philosophy of corrections Essay Corrections are simply to correct the life of the defendant. Such as they chose a bad choice in the life, if the court decides theyre guilty of it they place them in a correction facility Jail/Prison thinking it will help change their life around to a more moderate, average person not being a danger to anyone or anything. Crime and penalty had gone side-by-side beforehand America was even born and the dominions were even established. One thing recognized is that even though regulations were not well instituted or documented in pen there were laws, regulations, public regulation and punishments gave down by the residents of the rea for committing deeds that went opposing the beliefs of the colonist. Punishments should vary reliant on state, state, metropolis, or dominion reliant on the communitys beliefs, faith, and state of basis generally of European descent. Punishments might scope from whippings to be locale to demise by hanging. Supplementary areas favored the stocks patio above bloodshed and leaned extra in the direction of area humiliation in were the individual who committed the offense was tarred and feathered. From here the convicted should be made to be the giggling stock of the area to discern the individual who disregarded the towns eliefs. Even though lashing and hanging sounded harsh, they were meant to control the individual and deed as a restraint to others who endangered to pursue in the convicted footsteps. We will write a custom essay sample on philosophy of corrections specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on philosophy of corrections specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on philosophy of corrections specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Supplementary punishments might contain banishments from the town or span, the guillotine for committing slaughter or treason, bastinado beating the souls of the feet normally those of Asian descent, birching is beating an individual in the back alongside birch twigs. In nearly all dominions branding of the person or the people face, destroying the wheel whereas the person arms and legs hould be tied on the wheel and the executioner should break his or her legs and arms, cangue, crank and countless extra punishments should pursue and be utilized to control those who disregarded the town or areas beliefs or public law. The target of sentencing has modified melodramatically above the years. Convict sentencing across the 1700s was harsher, and encompassed the use of corporal penalty, meaning each penalty that involves infliction of pain on the human body (Foster, 2006). In the American dominions, the demise penalty came to be obtainable, but was scarcely grasped out. It was utilized for an expansive collection of offenses from slaughter to select pocketing. There were a collection of demise penalties and these were hanging, blazed at the stake, drawn and quartered, demise alongside dissection and hanging in chains. The target of the demise penalty is a combination of retribution and deterrence as there is an eye for an eye agent, and additionally, the fact that it was completed in area locations was to deter others from committing crimes. A little of the most weighty offenders were hung adjacent the locale of their offense as a class to residents of that area. The target of this sentencing was to raise the horror and dishonor of the death penalty and so deter others from committing offenses that would lead to such a punishment. The use of the demise penalty in the 1700s counseled the main aims of sentencing in the 1700s was retribution and methods in that the demise penalty was grasped out additionally evoke that there are a little restraint and denunciation aims in the sentences. Though, in present periods, these aims are additionally present but in less seeming methods in the form of punishments such as long words of imprisonment and tagging. Similarly, in the 700s fines were utilized as a penalty, displaying that there was additionally a reparative aim. The rising use of imprisonment in the 1700s might additionally perhaps display a rehabilitative target of sentencing. In todays area, there are disparate sights on the kind of penalty given for example; a shoplifter will not be disciplined by being lashed alongside chains; though the aims of sentencing seeming in the punishments given in the 1700s are yet concerning today. The finished aims of sentencing have not truly modified, but instead the punishments imitating these aims have. As one can discern the prisoner as well as he ability adjustments to change alongside society, as the change occur the prisoners inside change and vanquish them. This is how it has been and how it always will be. In the early history of corrections a Codified penalty for offenders was industrialized in the main periods of human history, one of the first recognized composed codes that enumerated disparate kinds of offenses and punishments was the Program of Hammurabi in 1750 B. C. The Code of Hammurabi was tearing into servings to cover disparate kinds of offenses and encompassed descriptions of the punishments to be imposed to offenders. The Harsh Program was industrialized in classical Greece in the seventh century B. C. E. This program delineated lawful procedures and punishments for offenders, such as stoning to demise or public mistreatment as dying. Across the Roman Empire, Ruler Justinian in 534 C. E. amassed a program, which should contain the basis for all present European law. In Rome, offenders were normally tortured, assisted as slaves or in the regal galleys. In most of Europe, forms of lawful sanctions that are acquainted nowadays did not appear till the commencing of the Middle Ages, in the 1200s. Before that time, European believed replies to offense as a confidential matter, alongside vengeance a obligation to be grasped out by the person wronged or by a relations member. Wrongs were avenged in accordance alongside the Lex Talionis, or law of retaliation. In the middle periods, the European worldly regulation was coordinated according to the outdated system. Death, torture and corporal penalty were spread practices at this time. Across the middle periods, the Church, as the dominant communal association maintained its own arrangement of ecclesiastical punishments that made a great encounter on area as a whole. Exceptionally across the Inquisition of the 1300s and 1400s, the church zealously disciplined those that disregarded its laws. At this period, it provided refuge from worldly prosecution to people who might claim benefit of clergy. In period, benefit of clergy was spread to all literate people. Five punishments were public in Europe beforehand the 1770s: Galley slavery, imprisonment, transportation, corporal penalty and death. Galley slavery was utilized as the periods of classical Greece and the Roman Empire and was not properly abolished in Europe till the mid-1770s (Ives, 1970). Prior to the 1800s, imprisonment was utilized for the short-term custody of offenders awaiting examination or those industrialized the early house of corrections in Europe in 1553. Houses of corrections were a blend amid workhouse and poorhouse in whereas inmates were harshly disciplined and compelled to work (Clear et al. , 2006; Allen Simonsen, 2001). Transportation was additionally a public exercise in European states as they hold dominions all above the world. For instance, Australia was industrialized as a British penal dominion as well as Tasmania and supplementary locations. The American dominions were one more point of destination for British convicts (Spierenburg, 1995). Later the American Revolution, England had to halt transporting prisoners to America. As British prisons came to be overcrowded, a colossal number of convicts were assigned to deserted ships†hulks†placed on the stream Thames (Allen Simonsen, 2001). As area penalty was believed a good restraint for offenders, corporal penalty and demise were extremely spread in European countries. As such, torture, mutilation and demise were extremely prominent in Great Britain from the ixteenth to the eighteenth century. With the Enlightenment, a change in penal believed transpired in Europe. In 1764, Cesare Beccaria wrote An Essay on Offenses and Punishments, in that he supported for a profound reformation of penology believed, administration of fairness and punishment. Beccaria (1764) clashed that punishments ought to fit the offense and ought to be precise, quick and severe. In supplement, Beccaria (1764) trusted that regulations should be composed and legal prudence ought to be limited. Jeremy Bentham was one of the managing reformers for British convict law. Bentham supported for a arrangement of graduated punishments to make a system were penalty and offense were equal. Instituted on his believed that humans are hedonistic, the aim of humans is to maximize pleasure as minimizing pain; Bentham trusted that punishments were the best restraint for crime. Bentham was not in favor of the demise penalty but did like the believed of incarceration and area humiliation. John Howard is recognized as one of the main proponents of prison improvements on the past of penology. Howard voyaged extensively all above Europe to examine Jails and prisons. In 1777, he described his indings and his counseled improvements in his State of Prisons. Howard (1777) supported for safeguard and sanitary abilities, inspection and a reformatory regime. As America was a British dominion, settlers lived below the British laws. At this period, punishments were cruel and relied deeply on corporal punishment and demise as incarceration was not an spread exercise. In 1682, Pennsylvania adopted The Outstanding LaW promulgated by English Quaker William Penn. The Outstanding Regulation was quite humane and emphasized on hard labor as extra competent penalty than death. As such, merely premeditated slaughter was ndictable by demise The Outstanding Regulation was in power till it was substituted by the Anglican Program in 1718; an extremely punitive code. The Anglican Program tabulated disparate corporal punishments (e. . mutilation and branding) and thirteen capital offenses Later the American Revolution, the thoughts of the Enlightment obtained momentum. With the thoughts of Beccaria and Bentham and the Statement of Independence, a new penal arrangement was industrialized As such, reformers clashed that Americans had to move away from barbarism and punitive measures of penalty and embrace a extra rational and hum anistic way to ome to be very prominent in Philadelphia as hey industrialized the Area for the Alleviating the Miseries of Area Prisoners in 1787 below the association of Benjamin Rush. The Philadelphia Walnut Road Jail was crafted to imitate the Quaker believed of penitentiary -a locale whereas prisoners might imitate on their offenses and become penitent and therefore experience reformation. Inmates were categorized by their offenses; Weighty offenders were allocated in solitary imprisonment without labor, as supplementary offenders worked across the date Jointly in silence and were confined separately at night. Later the Walnut Road Jail came to be extremely overcrowded, two new prisons were crafted in Pittsburg and Philadelphia, that marked the progress of a penitentiary arrangement established in confinement. In distinct imprisonment, prisoners were grasped in isolation alongside all hobbies grasped in their cells. The Pennsylvania arrangement of distinct imprisonment came into attack due to harsh punishments and prisoners paining mental breakdowns due to isolation. The New York Penitentiary at Auburn was established on the congregate system. Below this arrangement, inmates worked in workshops across the date and hey were retained a portion across the evening time. Elam Lynds, the warden at Auburn, instituted a law of control that included the lockstep and wearing stripped uniforms. Lynds additionally utilized the contract labor arrangement, in that inmates worked for free for confidential employers who endowed raw materials utilized to make products in the penitentiary. By the mid-1800s reformers had come to be disenchanted alongside the penitentiary model. Neither the Pennsylvania arrangement nor the Auburn system attained the anticipated aim of rehabilitation and deterrence. Thus, penitentiaries came to be quickly overcrowded, understaffed, nd brutality was much extended. In 1865, The New York Prison Association provided Enoch Wines and Theodore Dwight the task of surveying prisons nationwide. Wines and Dwight discovered that reformation was not the main aim of countless prisons and that corporal penalty was an spread exercise In 1870, Wines and supplementary penal specialists led an encounter in Cincinnati. From this encounter, a statement of principles was developed. Amid these principles were the demand to use a association of prisoners, indeterminate sentencing and reformation. The ultimate aim of these reformers was the reformation of inmates. The Early reformatory was crafted in Elmira, New York. Zebulon Brockway was appointed superintendent. Brockway was a large advocate of diagnosis and treatment. He emphasized education and training to delight inmates, who were interviewed to comprehend the reasons of their deviance In supplement, Brockway utilized a mark arrangement of association, indeterminate sentencing and parole. Brockway receded in 1900 (Rothman, 1995). The thoughts of Wines, Brockway and supplementary penal reformers considerably contributed to the progress of present American corrections by introducing thoughts uch as inmate association, rehabilitative plans, sentencing, parole and educational plans The early two decades of the twentieth century embodied a drastic change on the communal landscape of America. Industrialization, urbanization and technological and logical advancement revolutionized the American society. At this period, the progressives†upper-class philanthropists†believed that they might resolve most communal setbacks derived from quick urbanization in big rehabilitated across individualized treatment The progressives were deeply affected by the positivist school of criminology Positivists trusted that convict deeds is not a roduct of free will; it is product of biological characteristics, psychological and a little sociological conditions. As such, convicts can be treated (See Lombroso, 1876). The progressives wanted to (1) enhance the conditions of living of little spans whereas criminality was prominent, and (2) reinstate offenders. The progressives pursued governmental deed to enhance the living conditions of the poor as a method to battle crime. Their strategies encompassed larger area health, area housing and education. By the 1920s, the progressives were prosperous on requesting probation, indeterminate sentencing, parole and Juvenile courts. Even though these strategies were counseled at the 1870 Cincinnati encounter, the progressives were instrumental on requesting them across the United States. The medical model of corrections was based on the belief that criminal behavior is caused by social, psychological, or biological deficiencies that require treatment. Based on the progressive movement, the medical model was implemented in the 1930s. One of the main proponents of the medical model was Howard Hill who designed the Norfolk State Prison in Massachusetts in 1927. Gill staffed his prison with educators, psychologists and ocial workers to provide individualized treatment to inmates. In 1929, Congress authorized the new Federal Bureau of Prisons under the leadership of Stanford Bates, to develop institutions with treatment as the main goal. Bates was a strong advocate of the medical model. The 1950s is known as the era of treatment in American Corrections. Punishment was perceived as an obsolete way to deal with offenders and treatment took a central role in penology. To this extent, prison became mental health institutions were inmates were continuously tested for their readiness to reenter society. After World War II, psychiatry was used as a tool to rehabilitate offenders. As such, group counseling, behavior modification techniques, psychotherapy and individual counseling were common ways to treat inmates. Marylands Patuxent Institution was one of the best examples of a prison built according to the principles of the medical model. During the 1960s and 1970s, the American society experienced many changes due in part to the civil rights movement, the war on poverty and the Warren Court. Contrary to the medical model, the community corrections model advocated for the reintegration of the offender into society. Proponents of the community model proposed that psychological treatment should be substituted for vocational and educational programs that helped inmates to become successful citizens. Due to rising crime rates, in the mid-1970s, critics of the rehabilitation model attacked indeterminate sentencing and parole urging release not to be linked to treatment. Proponents of increased crime control called for longer sentences particularly for habitual and violent offenders. Robert Martinson surveyed 231 treatment plans in the United States and, in 1974, he published a report shouted What works? Inquiries and Answers on Prison Reform. In his report, Martinson finished that, except for insufficient plans, rehabilitation did not have each affirmative result on recidivism. The Martinson report was utilized by officials to apply a get tough philosophy on penology. As such, in the 1980s and 1990s, the new crime ideal supported for the use of incarceration and severe supervisions well as (and yet are) at that time. References Foster, B. (2006). Corrections: The Fundamentals. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Whyte, A. , Baker, J. (2000, May 8). Prison Labor on the Rise in U. S.. Retrieved from http://www. wsws. org Visher, C. A. 1987. Incapacitation and Crime Control: Does a Lock Em Up Strategy Reduce Crime? Justice Quarterly 4:413-543. Foster, B. (2006). Corrections:The Fundamentals. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Lambert, T, A brief history of punishment. , NJ: Stukin, Stacie. Violated Vibe Monthly January 2004: 100-104. Kosof, Anna. Prison Life: The Crisis Today. New York: Franklin Watts, A Division of Grolier Publishing, 1995. Prison, Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2003. Available. http:// encarta. msn. com. copyrighted 1997-2003. http://www. drtomoconnor. com/ 1050/10501ect01 . htm Adler, F. , Mueller, G. O. , Laufer. W. S. (2006). Criminal Justice An introduction 4th Ed Ezorsky, G. (1977). Philosophical Perspectives on Punishment Mays, G. L. Winfree, L. (2009). Essentials of corrections. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Schmalleger, F. Smykla, 1. 0. (2011). Corrections in the 21st century. New York, N. Y. McGraw Hill Seigel, L. J. Bartollas, C. (2011). Corrections Today. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth David K. Haasenritter, Military Correctional System: An Overview, Corrections Today, 65, No. 7 (December 2003), 58-61. J. W. Roberts, Federal Bureau of Prisons: Its Mission, Its History, and Its Partnership with Probation and Pretrial Services, Federal Probation, 1, No. (March 1997), 53-57. Paul W. Keve, Prisons and the American Conscience: A History of U. S. Federal Corrections (Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press, 1991). The American Prison: From the Beginning A Pictorial History, (College Park, MD: The American Correctional Association, 1983). Normal Morris and David J. Rothman, Editors, The Oxford History of the Prison: The Practice of Punishment in Western Society (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1995). Richard P. Setter, Correctional Administration: Integrating Theory and Practice (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2002). Federal Bureau of Prisons, Legal Resource Guide to the Federal Bureau of Prisons 2003 (Washington, DC: US Dept. Justice, 2003). Joseph Summerill, Reforming Prison Contracting: An Examination of Federal Private Prison Contracts, Corrections Today, 64, No. 7 (December 2002), 100-103. David K. (December 2003), 58-61. Gregory J. Stroebel and John l. Hawthorne Ill, Marine Corps Corrections Similar But Not Identical to Civilian Corrections, Corrections Today, 65, No. 7 (December 2003), 62-64. Michele D. Buisch, High-Level Security Inmates, Corrections Compendium, 28, No. 9 (September 2003), 9-28.

Biography of Gabriel García Márquez

Biography of Gabriel Garcà ­a Mrquez Gabriel Garcà ­a Mrquez (1927–2014) was a Colombian writer, associated with the Magical Realism genre of narrative fiction and credited with reinvigorating Latin American writing. He won the Nobel prize for literature in 1982, for a body of work that included novels such as 100 Years of Solitude and Love in the Time of Cholera.  Ã‚   Fast Facts: Gabriel Garcà ­a Mrquez Full Name: Gabriel Josà © de la Concordia Garcà ­a MrquezAlso Known As: GaboBorn: March 6, 1927, in Aracataca, ColombiaDied: April 17, 2014, in Mexico City, MexicoSpouse: Mercedes Barcha Pardo, m. 1958Children: Rodrigo, b. 1959 and Gonzalo, b. 1962  Best-known Works: 100 Years of Solitude, Chronicle of a Death Foretold, Love in the Time of CholeraKey Accomplishments:  Nobel Prize for Literature, 1982, leading writer of magical realismQuote: Reality is also the myths of the common people. I realized that reality isnt just the police that kill people, but also everything that forms part of the life of the common people. Magical realism is a type of narrative fiction which blends a realistic picture of ordinary life with fantastic elements. Ghosts walk among us, say its practitioners: Garcà ­a Mrquez wrote of these elements with a wry sense of humor, and an honest and unmistakable prose style.  Ã‚   Early Years   Gabriel Josà © de la Concordia Garcà ­a Mrquez (known as Gabo) was born on March 6, 1927, in the town of Aracataca, Colombia near the Caribbean coast. He was the eldest of 12 children; his father was a postal clerk, telegraph operator and itinerant pharmacist, and when Garcà ­a Mrquez was 8, his parents moved away so his father could find a job. Garcà ­a Mrquez was left to be raised in a large ramshackle house by his maternal grandparents. His grandfather Nicolas Mrquez Mejia was a liberal activist and a colonel during Columbias Thousand Days War; his grandmother believed in magic and filled her grandsons head with superstitions and folk tales, dancing ghosts and spirits.   In an interview published in The Atlantic in 1973, Garcà ­a Mrquez said he had always been a writer. Certainly, all of the elements of his youth were interwoven into Garcà ­a Mrquezs fiction, a blend of history and mystery and politics that Mexican poet Pablo Neruda compared to Cervantess Don Quixote. Writing Career Garcà ­a Mrquez was educated at a Jesuit college and in 1946, began studying for the law at the National University of Bogota. When the editor of the liberal magazine El Espectador wrote an opinion piece stating that Colombia had no talented young writers, Garcà ­a Mrquez sent him a selection of short stories, which the editor published as Eyes of a Blue Dog.   A brief burst of success was interrupted by the assassination of Colombias president Jorge Eliecer Gaitan. In the following chaos, Garcà ­a Mrquez left to become a journalist and investigative reporter in the Caribbean region, a role he would never give up. Exile from Colombia In 1954, Garcà ­a Mrquez broke a news story about a sailor who survived the shipwreck of a Columbian Navy destroyer. Although the wreck had been attributed to a storm, the sailor reported that badly stowed illegal contraband from the US came loose and knocked eight of the crew overboard. The resulting scandal led to Garcà ­a Mrquezs exile to Europe, where he continued writing short stories and news and magazine reports. In 1955, his first novel, Leafstorm (La Hojarasca) was published: it had been written seven years earlier but he could not find a publisher until then.   Marriage and Family Garcà ­a Mrquez married Mercedes Barcha Pardo in 1958, and they had two children: Rodrigo, born 1959, now a television and film director in the U.S., and Gonzalo, born in Mexico City in 1962, now a graphic designer.   One Hundred Years of Solitude (1967)   Garcà ­a Mrquez got the idea for his most famous work while he was driving from Mexico City to Acapulco. To get it written, he holed up for 18 months, while his family went into debt $12,000, but at the end, he had 1,300 pages of manuscript. The first Spanish edition sold out in a week, and over the next 30 years, it sold more than 25 million copies and has been translated into more than 30 languages.   The plot is set in Macondo, a town based on his own hometown of Aracataca, and its saga follows five generations of descendants of Josà © Arcadio Buendà ­a and his wife Ursula, and the city they founded. Josà © Arcadio Buendà ­a is based on Garcà ­a Mrquezs own grandfather. Events in the story include a plague of insomnia, ghosts that grow old, a priest who levitates when he drinks hot chocolate, a woman who ascends into heaven while doing the laundry, and a rain which lasts four years, 11 weeks and two days.   In a 1970 review of the English language version, Robert Keily of The New York Times said it was a novel so filled with humor, rich detail and startling distortion that is brings to mind the best of [William] Faulkner and Gà ¼nter Grass.   Political Activism   Garcà ­a Mrquez was an exile from Colombia for most of his adult life, mostly self-imposed, as a result of his anger and frustration over the violence that was taking over his country. He was a lifelong socialist, and a friend of Fidel Castros: he wrote for La Prensa in Havana, and always maintained personal ties with the communist party in Colombia, even though he never joined as a member. A Venezuelan newspaper sent him behind the Iron Curtain to the Balkan States, and he discovered that far from an ideal Communist life, the Eastern European people lived in terror.   He was repeatedly denied tourist visas to the United States because of his leftist leanings but was criticized by activists at home for not totally committing to communism. His first visit to the U.S. was the result of an invitation by President Bill Clinton to Marthas Vineyard. Later Novels   In 1975, the dictator Augustin Pinochet came to power in Chile, and Garcà ­a Mrquez swore he would never write another novel until Pinochet was gone. Pinochet was to remain in power a grueling 17 years, and by 1981, Garcà ­a Mrquez realized that he was allowing Pinochet to censor him.   Chronicle of a Death Foretold was published in 1981, the retelling of a horrific murder of one of his childhood friends. The protagonist, a merry and peaceful, and openhearted son of a wealthy merchant, is hacked to death; the whole town knows in advance and cant (or wont) prevent it, even though the town doesnt really think hes guilty of the crime hes been accused of: a plague of inability to act. In 1986, Love in the Time of Cholera was published, a romantic narrative of two star-crossed lovers who meet but dont connect again for over 50 years. Cholera in the title refers to both the disease and anger taken to the extreme of warfare. Thomas Pynchon, reviewing the book in the New York Times, extolled the swing and translucency of writing, its slang and its classicism, the lyrical stretches and those end-of-sentence zingers.   Death and Legacy   In 1999, Gabriel Garcà ­a Mrquez was diagnosed with lymphoma, but continued to write until 2004, when reviews of Memories of My Melancholy Whores were mixed- it was banned in Iran. After that, he slowly sank into dementia, dying in Mexico City on April 17, 2014.   In addition to his unforgettable prose works, Garcà ­a Mrquez brought world attention to the Latin American literary scene, set up an International Film School near Havana, and a school of journalism on the Caribbean coast.   Notable Publications   1947: Eyes of a Blue Dog  1955: Leafstorm, a family are  mourners at the burial of a doctor whose secret past make the entire town want to humiliate the corpse1958: No One Writes to the Colonel, a retired army officer begins an apparently futile attempt to get his military pension1962: In Evil Hour, set during the La Violencia, a violent period in Colombia during the late 1940s and early 1950s1967: One Hundred Years of Solitude  1970: The Story of a Shipwrecked Sailor,a compilation of shipwreck scandal articles1975: Autumn of the Patriarch, a dictator rules for two centuries, an indictment of all the dictators plaguing Latin America  Ã‚  1981: Chronicle of a Death Foretold  Ã‚  1986: Love in the Time of Cholera  1989: The General in the Labyrinth, account of the last years of the revolutionary hero Simon Bolivar1994: Love and Other Demons, an entire coastal town slips into communal madness1996: News of a Kidnapping, nonfiction report on the Colombian Medellin drug cartel2 004: Memories of My Melancholy Whores, story of a 90-year-old journalists affair with a 14-year-old prostitute Sources Del Barco, Mandalit. Writer Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Who Gave Voice to Latin America, Dies. National Public Radio April 17, 2014. Print.Fetters, Ashley. The Origins of Gabriel Garcia Marquezs Magic Realism. The Atlantic April 17 2014. Print.Kandell, Jonathan. Gabriel Garcà ­a Mrquez, Conjurer of Literary Magic, Dies at 87. The New York Times April 17, 2014. Print.Kennedy, William. The Yellow Trolley Car in Barcelona, and Other Visions. The Atlantic January 1973. Print.Kiely, Robert. Memory and Prophecy, Illusion and Reality Are Mixed and Made to Look the Same. The New York March 8, 1970. Print.TimesPynchon, Thomas. The Hearts Eternal Vow. The New York Times 1988: April 10. Print.Vargas Llosa, Mario. Garcà ­a Mrquez: Historia De Un Deicidio. Barcelona-Caracas: Monte Avila Editores, 1971. Print.

Career Development Plan Part Iv - Compensation

Now that we have structured our new team, identified their roles, identified ways to manage their performance and created an appraisal system we are now proposing a new compensation plan. This part will outline the plan, describe how it will help motivate employee performance, describe our total rewards program and outline how this program will benefit the individual and InterClean. Account Executive Financial Compensation Plan Compensation structures can be broken down into two distinct categories, financial and non-financial (Cascio, 2006). This section overviews the financial compensation plan for account executives, which includes pay and benefits. Account executive pay will be primarily commission based. Each account executive will receive a base salary at minimum wage, with the rest of their salary coming from commission. We feel that a generous commission structure will motivate performance because pay will have a direct correlation with sales volume. We structured our proposed commission plan to reflect InterClean new strategic direction (University of Phoenix, 2007), and how employees are rated in their quarterly appraisal. This means a focus on retention, up-selling and volume. Account executives will receive 8% commission on sales for the first six-months of revenue. 10% commission on sales after six-months of continuous revenue. 13% commission on sales after one-year of continuous revenue. 13% commission on up-sells and account executives that meet their quarterly sales volume will also receive a bonus equaling 3% of total revenue earned. New Business Account Executive, The New Business Account Executive has different goals, and therefore a different pay scale will apply. He or she will receive a base salary of $30,000 per year, plus a 3% quarterly commission on revenues earned from the accounts he or she acquired. We feel that this structure will adequately reflect the difference between new account acquisition and account retention. Cumulatively, the maximum amount of commission paid on revenues to account executives would be 19%. In related to the benefits Account Executives will receive the standard benefits due to all InterClean employees, including; †¢ Health Insurance with employee share of cost †¢ 401k match 14 days paid vacation †¢ 6 days sick time †¢ Health, Financial, Stress and Motivational Counseling through our employee wellness program. Managerial Financial Compensation Plan The managerial financial compensation plan will focus on overall team performance. We feel that creating a plan that rewards managers for team performance helps ensure management’s focus on creating a strong team that meets financial objec tives. Managers will receive a base salary dependent on their pay grade, ranging from $50,000 annual for the solution expert and $65,000 annually for the sales manager. The rest of their salary will be based on team performance as 3% commission on total revenues per quarter of all account executives that have met his or her goal, and 2% on total revenues per quarter if all account executives meet their goals. We feel that paying based on meeting objectives, and sharing in total revenues accomplishes two important things such as rewards managers who ensure account executives meet their goals by providing the tools and support they need. And it encourages over-achieving by not setting a limit on revenue sharing. In terms of the benefits, managerial employees share in the aforementioned benefits, and are given one additional week of paid vacation (five days) per year. As mentioned, compensation does not only include financial compensation; there are certain non-financial rewards that motivate employee performance, increase loyalty and decrease turnover. The following non-financial rewards were chosen based on a survey conducted in the United Kingdom (Employee Benefits, 2006) as additional â€Å"perks† for employees. Sales Employees, All sales employees are eligible the following reward package flexible working arrangements. Employees can work at home when appropriate on dates arranged between them and their manager. Flexible work time is the top-rated non-financial reward in the UK survey (Employee Benefits, 2006) and offering such an arrangement can increase productivity by diminishing stress caused by work-life conflicts. And corporate gym membership also ranked high on the survey, and using our corporate pull to offer a free membership not only encourages wellness, but exercise has countless benefits such as stress relief, increased creativity, and energy. Also, we will include employee discount at restaurants. Using the promise of higher volume by internally promoting local restaurants to our employees, HR has arranged for employee discounts at local restaurants. This benefit decreases the costs of lunch for our employees and gives them another reason to value InterClean. Managerial Rewards, The following rewards are available to managers in addition to the preceding rewards available to all employees such as use of company vehicle: Surprisingly, the UK survey listed â€Å"sports car as company vehicle† as the number one â€Å"benefit they don’t receive but wish they had† (Employee Benefits, 2006, para4. . Company gas card, not only should our sales manager ride in prestige, but we understand that the majority of driving they do benefits our company, so they also have use of our company gas card. The compensation and rewards system outlined in this plan are geared to motivate performance by tying pay directly to the revenue gained for InterClean. Our new strategy of fo cusing on solution-based selling (University of Phoenix, 2007) means we must grow retention, up selling, and total volume. This plan rewards all three by reducing the base pay of account executives, increasing commission and tiering commission based on retention and up selling. We reward achievers and not low-performers. Tying managerial pay directly to the performance of the team rewards good managers (Vigoda-Gadot Angert, 2007. ) Finally, offering a substantial but not overly high base pay takes into account fluctuating economic and environmental constraints. Offering bonuses quarterly rather than annual avoids penalizing employees for one bad quarter, which can happen to even the best sales person. Finally, our reward system is built to make InterClean a great place to work, that values the employees well-being and offers perks as part of the job. Offering this reward system can help InterClean retain the best possible account executives and managers (Cascio, 2006). Because we offer competitive pay and creative rewards that ease the work-life conundrum, and add a certain level of prestige to those who work for InterClean.

Sustainability Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Sustainability - Dissertation Example As the Comhar Sustainable Development Council (2011) in Ireland wrote about the history of the transitional cities movement: â€Å"The movement originates from a student project overseen by permaculture teacher Rob Hopkins at the Kinsale Further Education College in Ireland. The project involved writing an Energy Descent Action Plan, which looked at creative adaptations in the realms of energy production, health, education, economy and agriculture as a road map to a sustainable future for the town. The term Transition Town was coined by Louise Rooney and Catherine Dunne, two of Rob Hopkins students, who set about developing the Transition Towns concept presented it to Kinsale Town Council, resulting in the historic decision by Councillors to adopt the plan and work towards energy independence. Following its start in Kinsale, it then spread to Totnes, England where Rob Hopkins and Naresh Giangrande developed the concept. The movement currently has thousands of member communities worl dwide.† (Comhar SDC, 2011) The expansion of transitional towns programs around the world can have a major impact on the economy and particularly industry, real estate, and technology. The transitional towns movement creates new jobs in ‘green’ industries such as solar, hydrogen power, fuel cell technologies, hydropower, wind, geothermal, and tidal technologies for energy generation alternatives over oil based products. The focus on sustainability for communities in environmental harmony and balanced development in Permaculture and the transitional towns movement places a focus on the transformation of the home environment to incorporate new technologies that reduce the dependency of the local economy on fossil fuels and petroleum products. The additional focuses are in transportation, industry, and agriculture, implementing the best of environmental science and alternative energy research into already established businesses and organizations. From this process, th e movement takes its name of transitional towns which connotes the technological and ideological changes behind the organization. â€Å"As of October 2010 there are 321 ‘transition initiatives’ in Europe, mainly in England, as well as 8 in North America and 3 in Australia.† (Baez, 2010) While the small nature of the movement may make it seem isolated and lacking broader support or acknowledgement in the society at large, the rapidly expanding emergence of the transitional towns networks and interrelationship with other environmental organizations points to the impact that this movement can have on the local and international economy. The transitional towns movement can support the development of ‘green’ technologies such as hydropower, wind, solar, fuel cells, hydrogen, geothermal, and tidal energy sources in order to move communities away from economic and cultural development patterns that are environmentally destructive. For real estate developers and home owners, this means the integration of new sustainable energy technologies into the home environment, and from this comes many opportunity for new business and products. For example,